An antenna with a substrate having a ground plane includes a fractal antenna arranged on the substrate to achieve aperture miniaturization. The fractal antenna has a first pair of patch antenna sections that are spaced apart. A first pair of electric conductive elements are spaced apart, extending in the substrate, and arranged generally orthogonal to the first pair of patch antenna sections. Each of the first pair of electric conductive elements is operably connected with a respective one of the first pair of patch antenna sections. A first feeding mechanism is operably connected with the first pair of patch antenna sections for feeding the first pair of patch antenna sections.

An antenna with a substrate having a ground plane includes a fractal antenna arranged on the substrate to achieve aperture miniaturization. The fractal antenna has a first pair of patch antenna sections that are spaced apart. A first pair of electric conductive elements are spaced apart, extending in the substrate, and arranged generally orthogonal to the first pair of patch antenna sections. Each of the first pair of electric conductive elements is operably connected with a respective one of the first pair of patch antenna sections. A first feeding mechanism is operably connected with the first pair of patch antenna sections for feeding the first pair of patch antenna sections.

Devices for measuring and communicating physiological data are described. An implanted biocompatible sensor may be utilized to wirelessly communicate with an external transceiver. The biocompatible sensor may include a tubular body, one or more biomedical sensing elements coupled with the tubular body, and a microprocessor in electronic communication with the one or more biomedical sensing elements. The biocompatible sensor may also include an antenna coupled with the tubular body. The transceiver may be in electronic communication with the microprocessor via the antenna and may be configured to power the microprocessor using inductive radio frequency energy.

Plasmonic-surface antenna systems are described in which resonators, or cells, are closely arranged but do not touch. At least a portion of a radiating surface includes a plurality of cells (operative as resonators) placed very close together to one so that a surface (plasmonic) wave causes near replication of the current of one cell in an adjacent cell. Cells with one or more fractal shapes may be used as a fractal plasmonic surface (FPS). Systems and/or methods are described of using plasmonic surfaces or fractal plasmonic surfaces for radiofrequency identification (RFID). A PS or FPS may act as an intermediary array of antennas, which can serve to connect an RFID reader with one or more RFID tags. Structures including cages are described that can include one or more surfaces that are each an FPS. Methods of power transfer are described.

Arrangement of resonators in an aperiodic configurations are described, which can be used for electromagnetic cloaking of objects. The overall assembly of resonators, as structures, do not all repeat periodically and at least some of the resonators are spaced such that their phase centers are separated by more than a wavelength. The arrangements can include resonators of several different sizes and/or geometries arranged so that each size or geometry corresponds to a moderate or high Q response that resonates within a specific frequency range, and that arrangement within that specific grouping of akin elements is periodic in the overall structure. The relative spacing and arrangement of groupings can be defined by self similarity and origin symmetry. Fractal based scatters are described. Further described are bondary condition layer structures that can activate and deactive cloaking/lensing structures.

Metamaterials are described which can be employed with satellites, e.g., small sats, to increase the observability of such satellites. Any type of suitable metamaterial can be used. In exemplary embodiments fractal-based patterns or structures may be used.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless signal transmission are described. A fractal antenna may be utilized to wirelessly communicate with a transmitter implanted within or located external to the patient. The fractal antenna may be implanted within the patient and may be coupled with a lead also implanted within the patient. The characteristics of the fractal antenna may allow for enhanced data transmission between the antenna and the transmitter while reducing the need for implanted wires to connect the transmitter and leads.

In accordance with one or more embodiments, an antenna system includes a dielectric antenna having a feedpoint and an aperture. A fractal patch antenna is configured to receive a signal via a feedline and to generate an electromagnetic wave in response to the signal. A waveguide is configured to couple the electromagnetic wave to the feedpoint, wherein the dielectric antenna is configured to radiate a free space wireless signal from the aperture in response to the electromagnetic wave.

A device and system for receiving and transmitting signals underwater. The device comprises a first antenna electrically connected to a transceiver, a second antenna electrically connected to the transceiver, and a battery electrically connected to the transceiver. The first antenna, second antenna, receiver, and battery are supported within a housing member. The transceiver is configured to receive a first signal from the first antenna and transmit a second signal to the second antenna.

Vivaldi tapered slot and Vivaldi horn antennas that feature or include fractal plasmonic surfaces (FPS) are described. Vivaldi slot antennas are described which include a conductive surface defining a tapered slot, with the conductive surface including a plurality of fractal resonators which form or constitute a fractal plasmonic surface (FPS). In some embodiments the fractal resonators can be defined by slots. In some embodiments the fractal resonators can include self-complementary features. In exemplary embodiments, two Vivaldi horn antennas may be used for a Vivaldi horn antenna. The two Vivaldi FPS antennas can be arranged in a crossed or cross configuration such that the two antennas are essentially perpendicular to one another and are therefore able to receive and transmit two orthogonal polarizations of radiation. The two antennas can be fed by separate respective feed lines. The two antennas can be mounted inside of a horn or casing.