An ultra-wideband linear-to-circular polarizer is disclosed. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, the polarizer includes a plurality of cascaded waveplates having biaxial permittivity or cascaded anisotropic sheet impedances. Each waveplate/sheet has a principal axis rotated at different angles relative to an adjacent waveplate/sheet about a z-axis of a 3-dimensional x, y, z coordinate system. Each waveplate is composed of a unit cell of an artificial anisotropic dielectric. Each sheet impedance is composed of an anisotropic metallic pattern. The polarizer further includes impedance matching layers disposed adjacent the cascaded waveplates/sheets.

An antenna system (201) comprising a set of transmitting elements (320A-K) and a set of receiving elements (310A-N) formed on a same or different planar surface (210), an electromagnetic lens (220) to focus electromagnetic rays transmitted from the set of transmitting elements (320A-K), a convex secondary antenna (240) operative to reflect the electromagnetic rays and a concave parabolic primary antenna (230) operative to transmit the electromagnetic rays in a first direction such that, the lens, the convex secondary antenna and the concave parabolic primary antenna together provide a transmitting gain in the first direction. The set of transmitting elements are disposed at central area of the planar surface and the set of receiving elements are disposed on the periphery of the central area such that the set of receiving elements occupy larger area on the planar surface compared to the set of transmitting elements.

An antenna system (201) comprising a set of transmitting elements (320A-K) and a set of receiving elements (310A-N) formed on a same or different planar surface (210), an electromagnetic lens (220) to focus electromagnetic rays transmitted from the set of transmitting elements (320A-K), a convex secondary antenna (240) operative to reflect the electromagnetic rays and a concave parabolic primary antenna (230) operative to transmit the electromagnetic rays in a first direction such that, the lens, the convex secondary antenna and the concave parabolic primary antenna together provide a transmitting gain in the first direction. The set of transmitting elements are disposed at central area of the planar surface and the set of receiving elements are disposed on the periphery of the central area such that the set of receiving elements occupy larger area on the planar surface compared to the set of transmitting elements.

An ultra-wideband linear-to-circular polarizer is disclosed. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, the polarizer includes a plurality of cascaded waveplates having biaxial permittivity or cascaded anisotropic sheet impedances. Each waveplate/sheet has a principal axis rotated at different angles relative to an adjacent waveplate/sheet about a z-axis of a 3-dimensional x, y, z coordinate system. Each waveplate is composed of a unit cell of an artificial anisotropic dielectric. Each sheet impedance is composed of an anisotropic metallic pattern. The polarizer further includes impedance matching layers disposed adjacent the cascaded waveplates/sheets.

An ultra-wideband linear-to-circular polarizer is disclosed. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, the polarizer includes a plurality of cascaded waveplates having biaxial permittivity or cascaded anisotropic sheet impedances. Each waveplate/sheet has a principal axis rotated at different angles relative to an adjacent waveplate/sheet about a z-axis of a 3-dimensional x, y, z coordinate system. Each waveplate is composed of a unit cell of an artificial anisotropic dielectric. Each sheet impedance is composed of an anisotropic metallic pattern. The polarizer further includes impedance matching layers disposed adjacent the cascaded waveplates/sheets.

An apparatus includes a center portion and a plurality of spoke portions that are in contact with the center portion and that extend to a perimeter region. The plurality of spoke portions include at least a first monolithic spoke portion extending from the center portion to the perimeter region, and the center portion and the plurality of spoke portions define a plurality of cavity regions among the plurality of spoke portions. The center portion, the plurality of spoke portions, and the plurality of cavity regions are included in a gradient index (GRIN) lens having a plurality of effective dielectric constants that are based on a radial distance from the center portion.

An apparatus includes a center portion and a plurality of spoke portions that are in contact with the center portion and that extend to a perimeter region. The plurality of spoke portions include at least a first monolithic spoke portion extending from the center portion to the perimeter region, and the center portion and the plurality of spoke portions define a plurality of cavity regions among the plurality of spoke portions. The center portion, the plurality of spoke portions, and the plurality of cavity regions are included in a gradient index (GRIN) lens having a plurality of effective dielectric constants that are based on a radial distance from the center portion.

A dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system applicable to 5G communications and a mobile terminal are disclosed. Each antenna element comprises a radiating body and a director, wherein the radiating body comprises a first dielectric layer, a main radiating part, a first feeding branch, a second feeding branch, a third feeding branch and a fourth branch, and the director comprises a second dielectric layer, a first director part and a second director part. The director has the same effect on a +45 polarization pattern and a 45 polarization pattern of the radiating body, so that wide-angle coverage is realized, and the consistency of the two polarization patterns is good; and the antenna system occupies a small area does not need a clearance area and can be placed on a complete metal ground plate, there by being suitable for full-screen equipment.

A dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system applicable to 5G communications and a mobile terminal are disclosed. Each antenna element comprises a radiating body and a director, wherein the radiating body comprises a first dielectric layer, a main radiating part, a first feeding branch, a second feeding branch, a third feeding branch and a fourth branch, and the director comprises a second dielectric layer, a first director part and a second director part. The director has the same effect on a +45 polarization pattern and a 45 polarization pattern of the radiating body, so that wide-angle coverage is realized, and the consistency of the two polarization patterns is good; and the antenna system occupies a small area does not need a clearance area and can be placed on a complete metal ground plate, there by being suitable for full-screen equipment.

Various examples are provided related to hybrid multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) architectures. Beam steering can be provided using lens arrays. In one example, a hybrid antenna system includes a plurality of lens antenna subarrays (LAS), each of the LAS including a plurality of antenna elements configured to selectively receive a radio frequency (RF) transmission signal from RF processing circuitry, and a lens extending across the plurality of antenna elements. The RF transmission signal can be provided to a selected antenna of the plurality of antenna elements via a switching network and a common phase shifter for transmission. The lens can be configured to steer a RF transmission generated by the selected antenna in a defined direction. The selected antenna can be determined by the switching network configuration.