Disclosed is a system for performing Massive MIMO or Multi-User MIMO using a gradient index sphere (such as a Luneburg Lens). The gradient index sphere may have a plurality of radiators disposed along its outer surface such that each radiator radiates inward toward the center of the sphere so that the sphere focuses the energy from each radiator to form a tight beam. This provides for improved uplink gain for detecting and locating a mobile device within range of the system, and it enables high performance with reduced signal processing required for array-based beamforming.

Disclosed is a system for performing Massive MIMO or Multi-User MIMO using a gradient index sphere (such as a Luneburg Lens). The gradient index sphere may have a plurality of radiators disposed along its outer surface such that each radiator radiates inward toward the center of the sphere so that the sphere focuses the energy from each radiator to form a tight beam. This provides for improved uplink gain for detecting and locating a mobile device within range of the system, and it enables high performance with reduced signal processing required for array-based beamforming.

An electromagnetic device includes: a first electromagnetic, EM, signal feed; a second EM signal feed disposed adjacent to the first EM signal feed; and, an elevated electrically conductive region disposed between and elevated relative to the first and second EM signal feeds.

A sensing system is provided that includes a first sub-sensing system having a first azimuth plane. The first sub-sensing system includes a Gradient-index lens, and a first plurality of antenna elements arranged adjacent to the Gradient-index lens and configured to receive a first signal emanating from a first field of view. The sensing system also includes a second sub-sensing system having a second azimuth plane oriented at an angle with respect to the first azimuth plane and a second plurality of antenna elements configured to receive a second signal emanating from a second field of view.

An antenna apparatus is provided with: at least one antenna element; and a dielectric lens including a lens body made of a first dielectric material having a first dielectric constant, the lens body having first and second surfaces opposing each other. The lens body is formed so as to refract an incident wave on the antenna element or an incident wave from the antenna element, at refracting angles that gradually increase as a distance from an axis passing through centers of the first and second surfaces increases.

An antenna apparatus is provided with: at least one antenna element; and a dielectric lens including a lens body made of a first dielectric material having a first dielectric constant, the lens body having first and second surfaces opposing each other. The lens body is formed so as to refract an incident wave on the antenna element or an incident wave from the antenna element, at refracting angles that gradually increase as a distance from an axis passing through centers of the first and second surfaces increases.

Multi-layered articles or products comprising layers of filled polymer compositions, methods of making and applications or uses thereof.

Multi-layered articles or products comprising layers of filled polymer compositions, methods of making and applications or uses thereof.

Disclosed is an antenna having a toroidal gradient index lens, whereby a radiator may be disposed within the inner hole of the toroid. The antenna may include a mechanism that translates the radiator along the z-axis whereby an “upward” translation of the radiator along the z-axis tilts the antenna's elevation beam pattern downward. The radiator disposed within the hole of the toroid lens may be a dipole or a multi-sector radiator, such as a tri-sector radiator. Disclosed are two variations of the toroidal lens: a toroid shape, and a cylindrical toroidal shape.

A wireless signal transceiver includes a main body part, an antenna array, and a refraction element. The antenna array is disposed in the main body part, and is configured to transmit or receive at least one wireless signal beam. The refraction element is disposed at a first end of the main body part, and the first end is opposite to the antenna array. The refraction element is used to receive the wireless signal beam and refracts the wireless signal beam to generate and transmit a plurality of outputted wireless signal beams.