This invention presents a full-duplex nonreciprocal-beam-steering transmissive phase-gradient metasurface. The metasurface comprises a conductor layer interposed between two dielectric layers. Each of the dielectric layers comprises a plurality of meta-atoms embedded therein. Each of the meta-atoms comprises phase shifters and antenna elements. The meta-surface functions such that when an electromagnetic wave is received at the surface of the metasurface, the metasurface transmits a wave having an identical frequency to the frequency of the received wave but to a different direction in space.

Apparatus comprising at least one reflective surface configured to reflect electromagnetic waves, wherein a reflective response of at least one portion of said reflective surface with respect to said electromagnetic waves is electronically controllable, wherein said apparatus is configured to at least temporarily control said reflective response of said at least one portion of said reflective surface.

The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses that enable a radar system to transmit radar signals into lanes on a roadway in which a vehicle may turn. For example, when a car is making a protected right turn, that is a right turn when there is another vehicle traveling in the same direction in a lane adjacent to the lane of the turning vehicle, a traditional radar may have its view of the lane in which it is turning obscured by the vehicle in the lane adjacent to the lane of the turning vehicle. By using radar deflectors strategically located near the front of the vehicle, the radar signals may be deflected at angles to avoid being obstructed by the vehicle in the lane adjacent to the lane of the turning vehicle.

Systems and methods are described herein for an optical beam-steering device that includes an optical transmitter and/or receiver to transmit and/or receive optical radiation from an optically reflective surface. An array of adjustable dielectric resonator elements is arranged on the surface with inter-element spacings less than an optical operating wavelength. A controller applies a pattern of voltage differentials to the adjustable dielectric resonator elements. The pattern of voltage differentials corresponds to a sub-wavelength reflection phase pattern for reflecting the optical electromagnetic radiation. One embodiment of a dielectric resonator element includes first and second dielectric members extending from the surface. The dielectric resonator elements are spaced from one another to form a gap or channel therebetween. A voltage-controlled adjustable refractive index material is disposed within the gap.

In some embodiments, an antenna may include a plurality of reflectarray tiles and a frame including a plurality of frame elements coupled electrically and mechanically. The frame may be configured to conform to a shape of a surface. Each frame element may be configured to receive one of the plurality of reflectarray tiles. In some aspects, the plurality of reflectarray tiles may be illuminated directly or indirectly by a feed.

Arrays that are deployable and can change their electromagnetic behavior by changing their shape are provided. The arrays can steer the beam using folding techniques and/or can achieve multiple operation states by folding the structure. An array can include a foldable substrate with antenna elements disposed thereon. In a folded state, a first plurality of unit cells is visible from above the array and can be configured to steer in a particular first direction and/or operate at a particular first frequency. In the unfolded state a second plurality of unit cells, and also possibly the first plurality of unit cells, are visible from above the array and can be configured to steer in a particular second direction and/or operate at a particular second frequency.

A beam adjustable antenna device includes a dual-band antenna, a first reflection unit, and a second reflection unit. The dual-band antenna radiates or receives a signal on a first frequency or a second frequency. The first reflection unit has a plurality of first reflection boards to reflect the signal on the first frequency from the dual-band antenna. The second reflection unit has a plurality of second reflection boards to reflect an signal on the second frequency radiated from the dual-band antenna. The plurality of first and second reflection boards are arranged beside the dual-band antenna, and a plane normal vector of each first and second reflection board is directed to the dual-band antenna. The first reflection unit is closer to the dual-band antenna than the second reflection unit.

Large intelligent surfaces (LISs) with sparse channel sensors are provided. Embodiments described herein provide efficient solutions for these problems by leveraging tools from compressive sensing and deep learning. Consequently, an LIS architecture based on sparse channel sensors is provided where all LIS elements are passive reconfigurable elements except for a few elements that are active (e.g., connected to baseband). Two solutions are developed that design LIS reflection matrices with negligible training overhead. First, compressive sensing tools are leveraged to construct channels at all the LIS elements from the channels seen only at the active elements. These full channels can then be used to design the LIS reflection matrices with no training overhead. Second, a deep learning-based solution is deployed where the LIS learns how to optimally interact with the incident signal given the channels at the active elements, which represent the current state of the environment and transmitter/receiver locations.

The present disclosure relates to a 5G communication system or a 6G communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4G communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). A unit cell of a RIS includes a first conductive structure including a first element and a second element disposed under the first element; a second conductive structure including a third element and a fourth element disposed under the third element; and a switch circuit disposed between the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure. As a first RF signal from a first external device is incident on the unit cell, a second RF signal having a first resonance frequency is reflected based on electrical paths formed respectively in the first element and the third element, and a third RF signal having a second resonance frequency different from the first resonance frequency is reflected based on electrical paths formed respectively in the second element and the fourth element.

The method is provided for fabricating an optical metasurface. The method may include depositing a conductive layer over a holographic region of a wafer and depositing a dielectric layer over the conducting layer. The method may also include patterning a hard mask on the dielectric layer. The method may further include etching the dielectric layer to form a plurality of dielectric pillars with a plurality of nano-scale gaps between the pillars.