An electromagnetic antenna includes a channel configured to serve as a waveguide for electromagnetic radiation, a first and second feed disposed next to each other inside the channel at a first end thereof, the first and second feed being configured to radiate electromagnetic waves into the channel, an aperture lens disposed inside the channel near a second end thereof opposite to the first end, the aperture lens being configured to output collimated beams, a first focal lens disposed inside the channel adjacent to an outlet of the first feed, the first focal lens being configured to squint a beam radiated from the first feed toward a center of the aperture lens, and a second focal lens disposed inside the channel adjacent to an outlet of the second feed, the second focal lens being configured to squint a beam radiated from the second feed toward the center of the aperture lens.

An electromagnetic device includes: an electrically conductive ground structure; at least one dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) disposed on the ground structure; at least one electromagnetic (EM) beam shaper disposed proximate a corresponding one of the DRA; and, at least one signal feed disposed electromagnetically coupled to a corresponding one of the DRA. The at least one EM beam shaper having: an electrically conductive horn; a body of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that varies across the body of dielectric material in a specific direction; or, both the electrically conductive horn and the body of dielectric material.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are described herein which utilizes and controls an electromagnetic energy beam steering apparatus. The electromagnetic energy beam steering apparatus uses directional properties of a Luneburg lens to receive RF energy from one or more points of the Luneburg lens and re-transmits the RF energy from a different point of the Luneburg lens to focus the RF energy in a desired direction. The electromagnetic energy beam steering apparatus may take a form of a passive repeater, an active repeater, or a multipath active repeater.

A multibeam Radio Frequency (RF) lens antenna is designed as a receiver for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications, such as GPS (Global Positioning System), Galileo, GLONASS, COMPASS, and others. The RF lens and plurality of associated feed elements and receiver circuits combine to form a plurality of resulting high-gain relatively narrow beams that, taken together, allow reception of signals from GNSS satellites over the entire upper hemisphere. Any kind of RF lens can be used, where the lens can be of homogeneous or inhomogeneous, dielectric or metamaterial metasurface construction. The benefit of this approach to build a GNSS receiver over existing alternatives is increased gain and decreased noise at each receiver, which improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and improves the accuracy and reliability of the position and time measurements, while also reducing the impact of, and sensitivity to, interference, jamming, and spoofing signals. The approaches described in this patent can be combined with existing signal processing and accuracy improvement methods (such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK), Precise-Point Positioning (PPP), and Differential GPS (DEPS)) for further benefits. This system has applications within the surveying, maritime, land mobility, aerospace, and government positioning market areas.

A communication terminal may include an array of antenna modules. Each module may include an array of radiators on a substrate and a radio-frequency lens overlapping the array. The lens may include a tapered base on the substrate and a curved portion on the tapered base. The tapered base and curved portions may be rotationally symmetric about a central axis of the lens. The curved portion may be hemispherical. The tapered base portion may be conical and may have a first radius at the hemispherical portion and a second radius that is less than the first radius at the substrate. At least one radiator in the array may be located beyond the first radius and within the second radius from the central axis. The lens may be formed from lattice having interleaved layers of dielectric segments separated by gaps to reduce the overall weight of the module.

A lens antenna array system for wireless communication is provided that includes a lens antenna array transmitter having a first lens and a lens antenna array receiver having a second lens. The lens antenna array transmitter transmits a plurality of RF signals across a plurality of near-field communication links to the lens antenna array receiver.

Provided herein is an artificial dielectric material comprising a plurality of layered sheets of a dielectric material and a plurality of conductive elements disposed in holes made in the sheets of the dielectric material, wherein each conductive element is substantially tubular and comprises a slit along its length so as to provide a gap between two longitudinal edges. Also provided are lenses comprising the artificial dielectric materials and methods for manufacture of such materials. The artificial dielectric materials and lenses may provide desirable dielectric and radio wave focusing properties and manufacturing advantages.

An active radio-frequency (RF) sensing technology for determining the relative and/or absolute state (e.g., position, velocity, and/or acceleration) of a target object (e.g., a person, a car, a truck a lamp post, a utility pole, a building) is described. The sensors described herein operate in the Terahertz band (300 GHz to 3 THz). An active RF sensing device comprises a substrate and first and second semiconductor dies mounted on the substrate. The first semiconductor die has an RF transmit antenna array integrated thereon, and the transmit antenna array comprises a first plurality of RF antennas configured to generate an RF signals having frequency content in the 300 GHz-3 THz band. The second semiconductor die has an RF receive antenna array integrated thereon, and the receive antenna array comprises a second plurality of RF antennas configured to receive RF signals having frequency content in the 300 GHz-3 THz band.

A base station antenna includes a radio frequency (RF) lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from a radiating element, the RF lens including an RF energy focusing material and a first heat dissipation channel that extends through the RF energy focusing material of the RF lens and contains a cooling fluid.

A vehicle lamp mounted on a vehicle includes: a lamp housing; a lamp cover that covers an opening of the lamp housing; at least one illumination unit disposed in a lamp chamber formed by the lamp housing and the lamp cover; a radar disposed in the lamp chamber and configured to acquire radar data indicating a surrounding environment of the vehicle by emitting a radio wave to an outside of the vehicle; and a dielectric lens disposed in front of the radar and configured to allow the radio wave emitted from the radar to pass therethrough. The dielectric lens is configured to narrow a spread angle of the radio wave emitted from the radar.