Provided are an antenna structure, driving method thereof, and antenna system. The antenna structure includes a first base substrate, a second base substrate, a dielectric layer disposed between the first base substrate and the second base substrate, a plurality of first electrodes, and a plurality of second electrodes. The plurality of first electrodes are disposed apart at a side of the first base substrate facing to the dielectric layer, the plurality of second electrodes are disposed apart at a side of the second base substrate facing to the dielectric layer. The first base substrate includes a plurality of first micro-hole units, each of the first micro-hole units is disposed in a region between the adjacent first electrodes, each of the first micro-hole units includes at least one micro-hole extending a direction perpendicular to the first base substrate.

A method for constructing a multifunctional antenna structure configured to generate a plurality of radiation patterns includes determining a desired source field associated with the plurality of radiation patterns, and receiving feed locations for a waveguide to an antenna aperture surface. The method may further include placing a metasurface resonator at a first resonator location that exhibits a minimum error relative to the desired source field and satisfies a maximum error threshold relative to the desired source field. The metasurface resonator may be determined based on the feed locations and a plurality of degrees of freedom for the first resonator location. The method may also include discarding a second resonator location in response to determining that no metasurface resonator at the second resonator location satisfies the maximum error threshold. The plurality of degrees of freedom may include metasurface resonator geometries that exhibit different polarizabilities defined in a candidate library.

Monitoring and compensating for environmental and other conditions affecting antenna elements of an antenna is described. The conditions may affect radio frequency (RF) liquid crystal of the antenna elements. In one embodiment, the antenna comprises a physical antenna aperture having an array of surface scattering antenna elements that are controlled and operable together to form a beam for the frequency band for use in holographic beam steering and a compensation controller to perform compensation on the antenna elements based on monitored antenna conditions.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods associated with mode conversion for electromagnetic field modification. A mode converting structure (holographic metamaterial) is formed with a distribution of dielectric constants chosen to convert an electromagnetic radiation pattern from a first mode to a second mode to attain a target electromagnetic radiation pattern that is different from the input electromagnetic radiation pattern. A solution to a holographic equation provides a sufficiently accurate approximation of a distribution of dielectric constants that can be used to form a mode converting device for use with one or more transmission lines, such as waveguides. One or more optimization algorithms can be used to improve the efficiency of the mode conversion.

A reconfigurable holographic antenna and a method of shaping an antenna beam pattern of a reconfigurable holographic antenna is disclosed. A baseline holographic pattern is driven onto a reconfigurable layer of the reconfigurable holographic antenna while a feed wave excites the reconfigurable layer. An antenna pattern metric representative of a baseline antenna pattern is received. The baseline antenna pattern is generated by the reconfigurable holographic antenna while the baseline holographic pattern is driven onto the reconfigurable layer. A modified holographic pattern is generated in response to the antenna pattern metric. The modified holographic pattern is driven onto the reconfigurable layer of the reconfigurable holographic antenna to generate an improved antenna pattern.

Described embodiments include a system, method, and apparatus. A system includes an antenna comprising a sub-Nyquist holographic aperture configured to define selectable arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on a surface of the antenna. A path analysis engine tests power transmission pathways from the antenna to a target device located in an environment within a space radiateable by the antenna. The environment includes a human being. An optimization circuit selects responsive to the tested power transmission pathways a power transmission regime. The regime includes an electromagnetic radiation pattern shaped to transfer radiofrequency electromagnetic power from the antenna to the target device without exceeding a radiation exposure limit for humans. A gain definition circuit selects a complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field implementing the selected power transmission regime from the at least two selectable, complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. An antenna controller defines the selected arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field in the sub-Nyquist holographic aperture.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods associated with mode conversion for electromagnetic field modification. A mode converting structure (holographic metamaterial) is formed with a distribution of dielectric constants chosen to convert an electromagnetic radiation pattern from a first mode to a second mode to attain a target electromagnetic radiation pattern that is different from the input electromagnetic radiation pattern. A solution to a holographic equation provides a sufficiently accurate approximation of a distribution of dielectric constants that can be used to form a mode converting device for use with one or more transmission lines, such as waveguides. One or more optimization algorithms can be used to improve the efficiency of the mode conversion.

Techniques and mechanisms to provide satellite communication functionality with an antenna assembly. In an embodiment, a communication device includes an antenna panel (comprising one or more holographic antenna elements), a housing and hardware interfaces which facilitate operation of the communication device has a module of the antenna display. A cross-sectional profile of the housing may conform to a polygon other than any rectangle. A configuration of the housing and hardware interfaces may facilitate the formation of an antenna assembly arrangement other than that of any rectilinear array. In another embodiment, communication devices of the antenna assembly each conform to a triangle or a hexagon.

A Quantum Transceiver Antenna (QTA) is described which is a scalable, thin-film, bi-synchronous, multifrequency resonance antenna, made up of a layered matrix of antenna pixels of uniform size and shape, with voids and nulls in its pattern. On the QTA, electromagnetic signals gain coherence as toroidal geometries, that function as tunable, electromagnetic lenses, to simultaneously resolve and concentrate gain in the full spectrum of radio frequency signals. QTA transceives both particles and waves, and operates using quantum principles, including quantum tunneling whereby solid materials appear invisible, enabling non-line of sight communications, imaging, detection, Q-Tricity, immunity to multipath interference, and ground planes. One QTA replaces disparate antennas in a cell phone/electronic device and operates wirelessly with space-based platforms and terrestrial networks, plug and play, with low impedance, less power, at magnitudes of gain only possible using quantum principles. QTA is frequency dynamic providing mesh networks, IOT, Edge, AI connectivity, and emergency response interoperability solutions.

A Quantum Transceiver Antenna (QTA) and method for construction enable advanced electromagnetic (EM) applications across multiple frequency bands (20 Hz to beyond 1 THz). The QTA, featuring a layered matrix of antenna pixels and toroidal geometries, supports the Electromagnetic Materials Identification Tool (EMIT), Electromagnetic Imaging Device (EMID), Resonant Encoded Memory (REM), and Velocity Information Neural Exchange (VINE) Architecture. EMIT identifies material signatures, EMID generates high-resolution images, REM stores multidimensional EM wave-states as Electromagnetic Holograms (EmH), and VINE enables frequency based information parsing, searching, and resonant encoding; for specific categorized information broadcasting. A Q-Tricity Flash Capacitor harvests quantum digital electricity without interfering with data transfer, powering operations. Utilizing thin-film deposition of metamaterials (cobalt, graphene, diamond), the QTA achieves high-density non-volatile memory, non-line-of-sight imaging, and secure multi-channel communication. Deployable in portable, terrestrial, or space-based systems, the invention supports portable high-resolution: medical imaging, resource mapping, secure data transfer, and real-time analytics.