One example of embodiments of the present disclosure includes a structure. The structure includes first pair conductors and at least one unit structure. The first pair conductors are separated from each other in a first direction. The unit structure is positioned between the first pair conductors. The unit structure includes a second conductor and a third conductor. The unit structure includes at least one unit resonator. The third conductor extends in an xy plane including an x direction. The third conductor is electrically connected to the first pair conductors. The third conductor is configured as a reference potential of the structure. The unit resonator overlaps with the third conductor in a z direction intersecting with the xy plane. The unit resonator is configured to uses the third conductor as the reference potential.

An antenna includes a dielectric substrate, an antenna element formed on a first surface of the dielectric substrate, a ground element formed on a second surface of the dielectric substrate, and a metal conductor plate disposed over, and at a spaced distance from, the first surface of the dielectric substrate, the metal conductor plate being larger than the ground element.

A circularly polarized radiating element includes at least one excitation aperture for a wave that is linearly polarized with what is referred to as an excitation first polarization, a frequency selective surface and a metasurface comprising a two-dimensional and periodic array of metasurface cells, the excitation aperture opening onto the metasurface, the metasurface cells all being oriented identically with respect to the excitation polarization and configured to: reflect an incident wave having the excitation polarization in order to form a reflected wave polarized with the excitation polarization, and depolarize and reflect the incident wave in order to form a reflected wave polarized with the orthogonal polarization, having a phase difference substantially equal to 90 with respect to the reflected wave polarized with the excitation polarization, and having an amplitude substantially equal to the amplitude of a wave radiated by the frequency selective surface, generated from the reflected wave polarized with the excitation polarization.

An antenna structure includes a radiative antenna element disposed in a first conductive layer, a reflector ground plane disposed in a second conductive layer under the first conductive layer, a feeding network comprising a transmission line disposed in a third conductive layer under the second conductive layer, and at least one coupling element disposed in proximity to a feeding terminal that electrically couples one end of the transmission line to the radiative antenna element. The coupling element is capacitively coupled with the feeding terminal.

A radio wave control system includes a phase adjustment plate that transmits a radio wave from a second main surface to a first main surface and focuses the radio wave on a focal point; and a reflection plate installed at a position irradiated with the radio wave transmitted through the phase adjustment plate.

In aspects, a base station establishes a wireless connection with a user equipment, UE. The base station determines to include at least a first adaptive phase-changing device, APD, and a second APD in a wireless communication path with the UE. In response to determining to include multiple APDs in the communication path, the base station determines a first surface configuration for a first surface of the first APD and a second surface configuration for a second surface of the second APD. The base station directs the first APD to apply the first surface configuration to the first surface and directs the second APD to apply the second surface configuration to the second surface. The base station and the UE communicate with the UE using wireless transmissions that travel along a wireless communication path that includes the first surface of the first APD and the second surface of the second APD.

The disclosed apparatus may include (1) an antenna assembly defining an upper cavity with an aperture, the antenna assembly further defining a lower cavity coupled to the upper cavity via a channel along a linear edge of the antenna assembly, where the antenna assembly may include a reflective element within the lower cavity having a concave parabolic contour, and (2) an array assembly positioned in the aperture and including an array of passive elements. The reflective element may transform a divergent radio frequency (RF) beam directed toward the concave parabolic contour within the lower cavity into a collimated RF beam propagating within the lower cavity and into the upper cavity via the channel, and the array of passive elements may radiate a transmitted RF beam from the aperture in response to the collimated RF beam in the upper cavity. Various other apparatuses, methods, and systems are also disclosed.

The disclosed apparatus may include (1) an antenna assembly defining an upper cavity with an aperture, the antenna assembly further defining a lower cavity coupled to the upper cavity via a channel along a linear edge of the antenna assembly, where the antenna assembly may include a reflective element within the lower cavity having a concave parabolic contour, and (2) an array assembly positioned in the aperture and including an array of passive elements. The reflective element may transform a divergent radio frequency (RF) beam directed toward the concave parabolic contour within the lower cavity into a collimated RF beam propagating within the lower cavity and into the upper cavity via the channel, and the array of passive elements may radiate a transmitted RF beam from the aperture in response to the collimated RF beam in the upper cavity. Various other apparatuses, methods, and systems are also disclosed.

The present application relates to a cellular base station antenna, including: a radome having a lateral recess that defines a first accommodating space with a lateral opening and for accommodating a pole, where the cellular base station antenna should be mounted to the pole; and an antenna assembly mounted within a second accommodating space defined by the radome, the antenna assembly including a reflecting plate and a radiating element mounted on the reflecting plate. Moreover, the present application relates to a pole assembly, including a pole and a cellular base station antenna capable of being mounted laterally to the pole.

A metamaterial-based phase shifting element utilizes a variable capacitor (varicap) to control the effective capacitance of a metamaterial structure in order to control the phase of a radio frequency output signal generated by the metamaterial structure. The metamaterial structure is configured to resonate at the same radio wave frequency as an incident input signal (radiation), whereby the metamaterial structure emits the output signal by way of controlled scattering the input signal. A variable capacitance applied on metamaterial structure by the varicap is adjustable by way of a control voltage, whereby the output phase is adjusted by way of adjusting the control voltage. The metamaterial structure is constructed using inexpensive metal film or PCB fabrication technology including an upper metal island structure, a lower metal backplane layer, and a dielectric layer sandwiched therebetween. The varicap is connected between the island structure and a base metal structure that surrounds the island structure.