Relay-aided intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (IRSs) are provided. A novel relay-aided intelligent surface architecture is described herein that has the potential of achieving the promising gains of IRSs with a much smaller number of elements, opening the door for realizing these surfaces in practice. A half-duplex or full-duplex relay is connected to one or more IRSs. This merges the gains of relays and reconfigurable surfaces and splits the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain between them. This architecture can then significantly reduce the required number of reconfigurable elements in the IRS(s) while achieving the same spectral efficiencies. Consequently, the proposed relay-aided intelligent surface architecture needs far less channel estimation/beam training overhead and provides enhanced robustness compared to traditional IRS solutions.

The propagation of radio waves in indoor and outdoor mobile communications is improved. An electromagnetic wave reflector includes: a panel having a reflecting surface and configured to reflect a radio wave of a desired band selected from frequency bands ranging from 1 GHz to 170 GHz; and a support supporting the panel, and, in this electromagnetic wave reflector, the support has a conductive frame and a non-conductive cover that covers at least part of the frame, and the frame has a slit and a hollow, the slit receiving an end part of the panel, and the hollow being independent of the slit.

The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods in which a high port count base station antenna uses an array of spherical lenses with multiple ports per frequency band, containing multiple frequency bands, and capable of multiple beam operation. In a preferred embodiment, the antenna system comprises a plurality of spherical, dielectric lenses, stacked vertically, where each lens is surrounded by four or more lower frequency radiating elements, or one circular element. The circular element can have multiple sub-elements, along with feed gaps.

An antenna module includes a metal plate, a metal body and an excitation source. The metal body is provided on the metal plate, and includes a first slot and a second slot arranged crosswise and at a set angle. Each of the first slot and the second slot includes a transverse opening penetrating through the metal body along a thickness direction of the metal plate and a longitudinal opening penetrating through the metal body along a plane direction of the metal plate, and a length of the transverse opening and a length of the longitudinal opening are in a set ratio. The excitation source is configured to excite the first slot and the second slot to radiate a circularly polarized wave.

An electromagnetic wave reflector includes a panel having a reflective surface that reflects a radio wave of a frequency band selected from 1 GHz to 170 GHz, and a support body that supports the panel, The support body has a connector part electrically connected to the reflective surface, the connector part being configured to propagate a reference potential of a reflection having occurred at the reflective surface.

Disclosed are a method of reflecting a microwave/MMW beam in a desired direction with a reflector that comprises an electromagnetic metasurface and also to a microwave/MMW reflector. In some embodiments, the reflector is tunable by projecting light (in some embodiments, the projected light constituting an image) on a portion of a reflector that includes light-sensitive components. The projecting of the light controllably sets a value of an electrical property of at least one of the light-sensitive components, where the values of the electrical property of the light-sensitive components collectively determine the phase-shift that the metasurface induces in an incident microwave/MMW beam which induced phase-shift determines the direction in which the beam is reflected.

A small-sized normal mode helical antenna is provided that is not affected by nearby conductors. The antenna is an antenna including a coil constituting a normal mode helical antenna, an area of a cross section perpendicular to an axis of the coil for a single turn at each end of the coil being less than an area of a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the coil near the coil center.

Aspects and embodiments disclosed herein include an integrated 3-dimensional radio-frequency antenna, comprising a molded substrate having a front side surface, a back side surface, and at least one cavity extending completely from the front side surface to the back side surface, the at least one cavity defining cavity walls in the molded substrate with a horizontal profile of a cross-section of the at least one cavity vertically decreasing from the front side surface towards the back side surface, a shield layer covering at least the front side surface and the cavity walls of the molded substrate, and a radiator layer including an active side, a portion of the active side that emits RF waves or receives RF waves being exposed to the cavity of the molded structure.

An antenna structure includes: a dielectric substrate, a first radiation sheet including a first portion and a second portion that is connected to the first portion, a second radiation sheet including a third portion and a fourth portion that is connected to the third portion, a gap formed between second radiation sheet and the first radiation sheet, and a feeder line including a first end for inputting an excitation signal, and a second end for feeding the excitation signal into the first radiation sheet and the second radiation sheet. The first portion, the third portion and gap form a slot antenna, and second portion and the fourth portion form a dipole antenna.

To provide a transmitter having characteristics more excellent than conventional ones. The transmitter includes: a housing; a main board arranged in the housing; a first antenna board having a first antenna part, arranged in the housing; and a reflecting part for reflecting electromagnetic waves outputted from the first antenna part.