An antenna (100) comprising a plurality of like antenna elements (10) is disclosed. Each antenna element comprises: a radiating element (12, 13); a feed point (14); and a short to ground (16). The elements are spaced apart in different positions and oriented in different directions. Also provided are a GNSS receiver module (150) comprising the antenna, and a method of manufacturing the antenna. The antenna may be used, in particular, for receiving a circularly polarised signal.

An antenna module includes a radiating element and a dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate includes a flat portion on which an external terminal (T) to which a RFIC is connected is disposed, a flat portion in which the radiating element is disposed, a bent portion, a feeder, and a ground electrode (GND1). The feeder extends through the flat portions and the bent portion to connect the external terminal (T) and the radiating element to each other. The ground electrode (GND1) extends through the flat portions and the bent portion along the feeder. At the bent portion, a thickness of the feeder is greater than a thickness of the ground electrode (GND1).

An antenna module includes a radiating element and a dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate includes a flat portion on which an external terminal (T) to which a RFIC is connected is disposed, a flat portion in which the radiating element is disposed, a bent portion, a feeder, and a ground electrode (GND1). The feeder extends through the flat portions and the bent portion to connect the external terminal (T) and the radiating element to each other. The ground electrode (GND1) extends through the flat portions and the bent portion along the feeder. At the bent portion, a thickness of the feeder is greater than a thickness of the ground electrode (GND1).

An antenna device includes a plate-shaped radiating element that radiates a radio wave polarized in an X-axis direction, a grounding electrode (GND), and a dielectric substrate that carries the radiating element and the grounding electrode (GND). In the dielectric substrate, dielectric in designated regions, which are included in adjustment regions that are located on the outer side with respect to first boundary planes and on the outer side with respect to second boundary planes, is thinner than dielectric in a non-adjustment region. The first boundary planes are planes extending on end faces of the radiating element on the respective sides in an X-axis direction (polarization direction) and being orthogonal to the X-axis direction. The second boundary planes are planes extending on end faces of the radiating element on the respective sides in a Y-axis direction and being orthogonal to the first boundary planes and to the Y-axis direction.

An antenna device includes a plate-shaped radiating element that radiates a radio wave polarized in an X-axis direction, a grounding electrode (GND), and a dielectric substrate that carries the radiating element and the grounding electrode (GND). In the dielectric substrate, dielectric in designated regions, which are included in adjustment regions that are located on the outer side with respect to first boundary planes and on the outer side with respect to second boundary planes, is thinner than dielectric in a non-adjustment region. The first boundary planes are planes extending on end faces of the radiating element on the respective sides in an X-axis direction (polarization direction) and being orthogonal to the X-axis direction. The second boundary planes are planes extending on end faces of the radiating element on the respective sides in a Y-axis direction and being orthogonal to the first boundary planes and to the Y-axis direction.

An antenna apparatus for drone identification and an operating method thereof are provided. The antenna apparatus includes: a plurality of horizontal directional antennas; a vertical directional antenna positioned at a center of an area surrounded by the plurality of horizontal directional antennas; a beamforming unit controlling beamforming of the vertical directional antenna and the plurality of horizontal antennas to transmit and receive signals in all directions; and a power supply unit for suppling power.

An antenna apparatus for drone identification and an operating method thereof are provided. The antenna apparatus includes: a plurality of horizontal directional antennas; a vertical directional antenna positioned at a center of an area surrounded by the plurality of horizontal directional antennas; a beamforming unit controlling beamforming of the vertical directional antenna and the plurality of horizontal antennas to transmit and receive signals in all directions; and a power supply unit for suppling power.

An antenna assembly includes a driven element, a first set of antenna elements disposed a first distance from the driven element such that each element of the first set of antenna elements is equidistant from adjacent elements of the first set of antenna elements, and a second set of antenna elements disposed a second distance from the driven element such that each element of the second set of antenna elements is equidistant from adjacent elements of the second set of antenna elements, the second distance being larger than the first distance. The antenna assembly includes or is operably coupled to a selector module configured to select one element of the first set of antenna elements as a selected director, and select one element of the second set of antenna elements as a selected reflector by effectively shortening a length of the selected director and effectively lengthening the selected reflector.

A method includes sending a first orbital angular momentum (OAM) reference signal in a first beam direction. The first OAM reference signal is used to determine a second beam direction from the first beam direction. The method also includes receiving first indication information. The first indication information includes information about the second beam direction. The method also includes sending a second OAM reference signal in the second beam direction. The second OAM reference signal is used to determine antenna information and a second channel response of the second OAM reference signal. The method also includes receiving second indication information. The second indication information is determined based on the second channel response and the antenna information. The second indication information is used to determine a transmission manner. The transmission manner includes OAM wave transmission, plane wave transmission, or joint transmission of OAM and a plane wave.

A semiconductor package includes a front redistribution structure having a first surface and a second surface, opposite to the first surface, a dielectric layer, an antenna substrate including a plurality of antenna members in the dielectric layer, a semiconductor chip having a connection pad connected to the plurality of antenna members, a conductive core structure having a first through-hole accommodating the antenna substrate and a second through-hole accommodating the semiconductor chip, and a rear redistribution structure including a conductive cover layer exposing an upper portion of the antenna substrate and covering an upper portion of the semiconductor chip, and a conductive via connecting the conductive cover layer to the conductive core structure.