Methods and apparatus for providing a generic beamforming system. A first beamforming level can process digitized array data to form subarrays and output subarray data for the formed subarrays. A second beamforming level can process the subarray data to form beams and output beamforming data for a plurality of modules. A third beamforming level can process the beamforming data to process the beamforming data and generate formed beams for the array.

Methods and apparatus for providing a generic beamforming system. A first beamforming level can process digitized array data to form subarrays and output subarray data for the formed subarrays. A second beamforming level can process the subarray data to form beams and output beamforming data for a plurality of modules. A third beamforming level can process the beamforming data to process the beamforming data and generate formed beams for the array.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to phased array antenna systems or packages and techniques of making and using the systems and packages. A phased array antenna package may include a distributed phased array antenna comprising (1) a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, which may each include a plurality of antennas, (2) a plurality of Radio Frequency Dies (RFDs), each of the RFDs located proximate and electrically coupled by a trace of a plurality of traces to a corresponding antenna sub-array of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays, and (3) wherein each trace of the plurality of traces configured to electrically couple an antenna of the plurality of antennas to the RFD located proximate the antenna, wherein each trace of the plurality of traces is configured to transmit millimeter wave (mm-wave) radio signals, and wherein the plurality of traces are each of a substantially uniform length.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to phased array antenna systems or packages and techniques of making and using the systems and packages. A phased array antenna package may include a distributed phased array antenna comprising (1) a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, which may each include a plurality of antennas, (2) a plurality of Radio Frequency Dies (RFDs), each of the RFDs located proximate and electrically coupled by a trace of a plurality of traces to a corresponding antenna sub-array of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays, and (3) wherein each trace of the plurality of traces configured to electrically couple an antenna of the plurality of antennas to the RFD located proximate the antenna, wherein each trace of the plurality of traces is configured to transmit millimeter wave (mm-wave) radio signals, and wherein the plurality of traces are each of a substantially uniform length.

A reception power supplying unit generates each of reception signals before and after a switching operation. A signal processing circuit generates each of difference signals before and after the switching operation on the basis of the reception signal and a reference signal. A phase difference detector calculates, as a transmission phase difference, the phase difference between transmission power supplying units on the basis of the respective difference signals, and adjusts a phase shift amount on the basis of the transmission phase difference and a set phase difference that is previously set.

A reception power supplying unit generates each of reception signals before and after a switching operation. A signal processing circuit generates each of difference signals before and after the switching operation on the basis of the reception signal and a reference signal. A phase difference detector calculates, as a transmission phase difference, the phase difference between transmission power supplying units on the basis of the respective difference signals, and adjusts a phase shift amount on the basis of the transmission phase difference and a set phase difference that is previously set.

An antenna (100) comprising a plurality of like antenna elements (10) is disclosed. Each antenna element comprises: a radiating element (12, 13); a feed point (14); and a short to ground (16). The elements are spaced apart in different positions and oriented in different directions. Also provided are a GNSS receiver module (150) comprising the antenna, and a method of manufacturing the antenna. The antenna may be used, in particular, for receiving a circularly polarised signal.

An antenna (100) comprising a plurality of like antenna elements (10) is disclosed. Each antenna element comprises: a radiating element (12, 13); a feed point (14); and a short to ground (16). The elements are spaced apart in different positions and oriented in different directions. Also provided are a GNSS receiver module (150) comprising the antenna, and a method of manufacturing the antenna. The antenna may be used, in particular, for receiving a circularly polarised signal.

A system comprising a plurality of nodes communicatively coupled to one another via at least one wireless link and a controller communicatively coupled to at least one of the nodes, wherein the controller (1) coordinates at least one scan that measures interference introduced into the wireless link, (2) identifies, based at least in part on the scan, one or more characteristics of the wireless link, (3) determines, based at least in part on the characteristics of the wireless link, that the node is eligible for a tapered codebook that, when implemented, modifies at least one feature of an antenna array that supports the wireless link in connection with the node, and then (4) directs the node to implement the tapered codebook. Various other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

A phased array antenna system comprising a plurality of isotropic radiating elements and/or omnidirectional receiving elements addressing close in fields and a plurality of non-isotropic radiating elements and/or non-omnidirectional receiving elements addressing remote fields with the combined elements used to extend the maximum range of the antenna system without increasing the number of element nor the output power of the antenna. The non-isotropic radiating elements and/or the non-omnidirectional receiving elements can be formed by adding focusing structures such as lenses or reflective structures in the radiating path of isotropic radiating elements and/or omnidirectional receiving elements. Antennas with combined isotropic radiating and non-isotropic radiating elements can be utilized for electromagnetic phased array radar, communication and imaging systems and for acoustic phased array sonar or ultrasound systems.