An antenna for suppressing the gain of side lobes includes a substrate, tandem antenna units arranged on the substrate and each including a first feed line and radiating elements, and the width of the radiating elements decreasing gradually from the middle of the first feed line to the two ends; and a power divider disposed on the substrate and including a feeding port, a second feed line with middle connected to the feeding port, and transmission lines, connected to the second feed line respectively. The output powers of the transmission lines decrease gradually from the middle of the second feed line to the two ends, and the transmission lines are respectively connected to the first feed lines. Thereby, the present invention can effectively suppress the gain of the side lobe both in YZ plane and the XZ plane, and improve target detection.

An antenna module configured for use on an underwater vehicle is disclosed. The antenna module includes an array of spiral antennas fabricated on a multi-layer substrate that provides wide-band RF communication with direction finding (DF) capability. The antenna module can also include other antennas fabricated on the same multi-layer substrate, such as one or more global positioning system (GPS) receivers, an ultra-high frequency/very-high frequency (UHV/VHF) antenna, or one or more iridium antennas. The antenna module may further include a water-proof housing that is coupled to the outside hull of an undersea vehicle via a coupling mechanism. The coupling mechanism allows the antenna module to rotate between a stowed position against the hull and a deployed position that extends the antennas out away from the undersea vehicle. The antenna module is curved or flexible so it can stow against a corresponding curved hull of the undersea vehicle.

A system is provided comprising: a plurality of receivers; a plurality of antennas; a calibration device coupled to the plurality of receivers; a plurality of antenna paths, each of the antenna paths being arranged to couple a respective one of the plurality of receivers with a respective one of the plurality of antennas; a plurality of first calibration paths, each of the first calibration paths being arranged to couple the calibration device to different respective first pair of the antenna paths; a plurality of second calibration paths, each of the second calibration paths being arranged to couple the calibration device to a different respective second pair of the antenna paths, each second pair of the antenna paths including at least one antenna path in common with any of the first pairs of the antenna paths.

A system is provided comprising: a plurality of receivers; a plurality of antennas; a calibration device coupled to the plurality of receivers; a plurality of antenna paths, each of the antenna paths being arranged to couple a respective one of the plurality of receivers with a respective one of the plurality of antennas; a plurality of first calibration paths, each of the first calibration paths being arranged to couple the calibration device to different respective first pair of the antenna paths; a plurality of second calibration paths, each of the second calibration paths being arranged to couple the calibration device to a different respective second pair of the antenna paths, each second pair of the antenna paths including at least one antenna path in common with any of the first pairs of the antenna paths.

In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a plurality of first conductive traces oriented in a first direction in a first layer and plurality of second conductive traces oriented in a second direction in a second layer coupled by vias to define first hierarchical networks. A plurality of third conductive traces oriented in the first direction in a third layer and a plurality of fourth conductive traces oriented in the second direction in a fourth layer are coupled by vias to define second hierarchical networks. Open ends of the first or second traces at a last stage of the first hierarchical networks comprise first ends and open ends of the third or fourth traces at a last stage of the second hierarchical networks comprise second ends. A first end and a corresponding second end are non-collinear to each other and perpendicular to a major plane of the first layer.

In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a plurality of first conductive traces oriented in a first direction in a first layer and plurality of second conductive traces oriented in a second direction in a second layer coupled by vias to define first hierarchical networks. A plurality of third conductive traces oriented in the first direction in a third layer and a plurality of fourth conductive traces oriented in the second direction in a fourth layer are coupled by vias to define second hierarchical networks. Open ends of the first or second traces at a last stage of the first hierarchical networks comprise first ends and open ends of the third or fourth traces at a last stage of the second hierarchical networks comprise second ends. A first end and a corresponding second end are non-collinear to each other and perpendicular to a major plane of the first layer.

A configurable array having a plurality of antenna elements arranged in at least four adjacent groups of array elements on a panel array, the first group of elements having an inter-element spacing based on a transmit signal wavelength, a second group of elements having an inter-element spacing based on a receive signal wavelength, and a third and fourth group of elements having an inter-element spacing based on a wavelength between the transmit signal wavelength and the receive signal wavelength.

A configurable array having a plurality of antenna elements arranged in at least four adjacent groups of array elements on a panel array, the first group of elements having an inter-element spacing based on a transmit signal wavelength, a second group of elements having an inter-element spacing based on a receive signal wavelength, and a third and fourth group of elements having an inter-element spacing based on a wavelength between the transmit signal wavelength and the receive signal wavelength.

The present invention relates to a base station antenna, comprising: a plurality of first radiating elements that are arranged as a first vertically-extending array; a plurality of second radiating elements that are arranged as a second vertically-extending array, where the second radiating elements are staggered in the vertical direction with respect to the first radiating elements; wherein phase centers in an azimuth plane for first sub-arrays of the first radiating elements are substantially the same as phase centers in the azimuth plane for respective third sub-arrays of the second radiating elements, and wherein the first sub-arrays each have a first number of first radiating elements and the third sub-arrays each have a second number of second radiating elements, the first number being different than the second number. This can effectively improve the pattern of the base station antenna.

Technologies directed to arranging antenna elements in a triangular pattern on an antenna module of a phased array antenna are described. The phased array antenna includes a support structure and a first antenna module coupled to the support structure. The first antenna module element has a rectangular shape and includes a first set of antenna elements arranged as a first row and a second row within the rectangular shape. An antenna element of the first row and two antenna elements of the second row form a triangular pattern. Two adjacent antenna elements of the first set of antenna elements are separated by a first distance. Each antenna element of the first set of antenna elements has a first size that is less than half of the first distance.