A connection unit connects an electrical supply line to a connection element of a heatable exhaust gas system. The connection unit has a housing having a connection element receiving region extending in the direction of a first housing axis (G.sub.1) and a supply line receiving region extending in the direction of a second housing axis (G.sub.2). The connection element receiving region is open in a first axial connection element receiving region end region for receiving the connection element protruding from an exhaust gas system and is closed off in a second axial connection element receiving region end region. The supply line receiving region is open to the connection element receiving region in a first axial supply line receiving region end region and is open in a second supply line receiving region end region for receiving an electrical supply line.

A connection unit connects an electrical supply line to a connection element of a heatable exhaust gas system. The connection unit has a housing having a connection element receiving region extending in the direction of a first housing axis (G.sub.1) and a supply line receiving region extending in the direction of a second housing axis (G.sub.2). The connection element receiving region is open in a first axial connection element receiving region end region for receiving the connection element protruding from an exhaust gas system and is closed off in a second axial connection element receiving region end region. The supply line receiving region is open to the connection element receiving region in a first axial supply line receiving region end region and is open in a second supply line receiving region end region for receiving an electrical supply line.

A mechanical grounding clamp includes a body, having an upper plate defining a threaded hole therethrough and having an outer surface, a lower plate spaced apart from the upper plate and having an inner surface, and a connecting plate connecting the upper plate to the lower plate, a set screw mateable with the threaded hole in the upper plate and having a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end extendable through the threaded hole of the upper plate and toward the inner surface of the lower plate. There may be a nut on the set screw for driving toward the upper plate to secure a grounding conductor to the body.

An externally switchable lid for securing to a utility tracer wire access housing and for selectively conductively engaging and disengaging a buried ground rod in order to locate a utility line via the tracer wire. The lid has a first surface supporting a switch and a second surface supporting a first terminal for connecting a tracer wire directly to the lid and the first terminal having a first end of a switch jumper fixedly secured thereto and a second terminal for connecting a ground wire to the ground switch. A locking mechanism is provided for securing the lid to the access housing while the lid is accessible above-ground. The lid connects to the access housing which has a length of the tracer wire and the ground wire extending from connection with the lid and extending underground.

An externally switchable lid for securing to a utility tracer wire access housing and for selectively conductively engaging and disengaging a buried ground rod in order to locate a utility line via the tracer wire. The lid has a first surface supporting a switch and a second surface supporting a first terminal for connecting a tracer wire directly to the lid and the first terminal having a first end of a switch jumper fixedly secured thereto and a second terminal for connecting a ground wire to the ground switch. A locking mechanism is provided for securing the lid to the access housing while the lid is accessible above-ground. The lid connects to the access housing which has a length of the tracer wire and the ground wire extending from connection with the lid and extending underground.

Method of manufacturing a ground apparatus and ground apparatus comprising an aluminum nut (16) having an internal thread and adapted to clamp an eyelet (28) of an electrical conductor on a corresponding contact area of the stud (12), wherein the nut (16) has at least one coating (30) which contains at least zinc, characterized in that the coating further comprises tin, in that the coating consists of an acid tin-zinc electroplating on the aluminum nut (16) and is such that the tin is between 60 and 80% by weight of the coating and the tin-zinc coating forms a layer with an average thickness of from about 5 to 16 microns.

A wiring harness is provided with a first wire member including a first terminal and a first wire and a protector for accommodating the first wire member. The protector includes a protector body, a bolt and a restricting portion. The protector body has a bottom wall extending in a length direction, two side walls projecting from both side edges of the bottom wall and facing each other, and an opening formed by the two side walls and facing the bottom wall. The bolt projects from the protector body and is inserted into a through hole of the terminal. The restricting portion covers only a part of the first wire member closer to a side opposite to a tip side of the first terminal than the through hole in the length direction, and restricts a movement of the first wire member in a projecting direction of the bolt.

A fastening system has a conditioner clamp and a penetrating fastener. The conditioner clamp has an upper assembly and a lower assembly attachable together to define a conductor cavity therebetween. At least one threaded opening provides ingress into the conductor cavity. The penetrating fastener is extendable through the at least one threaded opening. The penetrating fastener has a threaded bolt and a penetrating portion with a proximal end at a second end region of the threaded bolt and a distal end spaced therefrom. The penetrating portion has a frustoconical configuration terminating at a tip portion. The tip portion is configured to penetrate into a conductor positioned within the conductor cavity.

A battery clamp having a first inner metal battery clamp member having a handle portion and a clamp portion, a second inner metal battery clamp member having a handle portion and a clamp portion, a first outer insulating battery clamp member having a handle portion and a clamp portion connected to the first inner metal battery clamp, and a second outer insulating battery clamp member having a handle portion and a clamp portion connected to the second inner metal battery clamp. The first inner metal battery clamp member and/or the second inner metal battery clamp member having a battery cable connector configured to allow a user to access the battery cable connector with the user's fingers or a tool while avoiding interference with the handle portions of the battery clamp.

A battery clamp having a first inner metal battery clamp member having a handle portion and a clamp portion, a second inner metal battery clamp member having a handle portion and a clamp portion, a first outer insulating battery clamp member having a handle portion and a clamp portion connected to the first inner metal battery clamp, and a second outer insulating battery clamp member having a handle portion and a clamp portion connected to the second inner metal battery clamp. The first inner metal battery clamp member and/or the second inner metal battery clamp member having a battery cable connector configured to allow a user to access the battery cable connector with the user's fingers or a tool while avoiding interference with the handle portions of the battery clamp.