A commutation apparatus for an electric machine, having brushes with a front face which lies against the peripheral surface of a collector which has a plurality of collector segments separated by gaps, is designed in such a manner that a contact edge which runs obliquely to the gaps is formed on the front face of at least one brush.

A commutator includes a cylindrical insulator and commutator pieces, which are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the insulator and arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the insulator. The commutator pieces are each composed of a conductive plate material, and each includes a connection claw and an engagement claw. The connection claw extends outward in the radial direction of the insulator while being configured to electrically being connected to an armature coil. The engagement claw extends inward in the radial direction of the insulator and engages with the insulator. The commutator pieces each include a recess portion with an undercut formed in a surface facing inward in the radial direction of the insulator.

A commutator includes a cylindrical insulator and commutator pieces, which are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the insulator and arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the insulator. The commutator pieces are each composed of a conductive plate material, and each includes a connection claw and an engagement claw. The connection claw extends outward in the radial direction of the insulator while being configured to electrically being connected to an armature coil. The engagement claw extends inward in the radial direction of the insulator and engages with the insulator. The commutator pieces each include a recess portion with an undercut formed in a surface facing inward in the radial direction of the insulator.

The earth's magnetic field has not been mined as a source of energy for electric vehicles. With average field strength of 0.5 Tesla around the world it is easy to understand why it has been overlooked. A disruptive technology is needed to mine the earth's magnetic field for powering electric vehicles. Such a technology, graphene, is now at an early stage of development with excellent properties in the form of high conductivity, low resistivity sheets that are durable, light weight, and low cost. Electrical properties of multiple sheets of graphene provide a significant multiplier to earth's weak magnetic field yielding a feasible source of ecologically clean power for electric vehicles. Graphene based EcoCharge systems can be mounted on a vehicles drive shaft and axles putting graphene in motion to mine the earth's magnetic field. Estimates show that EcoCharge can generate 15.1 kW at 60 mph while weighing only 10 oz.

The earth's magnetic field has not been mined as a source of energy for electric vehicles. With average field strength of 0.5 Tesla around the world it is easy to understand why it has been overlooked. A disruptive technology is needed to mine the earth's magnetic field for powering electric vehicles. Such a technology, graphene, is now at an early stage of development with excellent properties in the form of high conductivity, low resistivity sheets that are durable, light weight, and low cost. Electrical properties of multiple sheets of graphene provide a significant multiplier to earth's weak magnetic field yielding a feasible source of ecologically clean power for electric vehicles. Graphene based EcoCharge systems can be mounted on a vehicles drive shaft and axles putting graphene in motion to mine the earth's magnetic field. Estimates show that EcoCharge can generate 15.1 kW at 60 mph while weighing only 10 oz.

A commutator is formed by providing an electrically insulating commutator body. First and second areas are defined on the commutator body covering a brush contact surface in an alternating manner. At least the surfaces of the first areas are formed of laser direct structured material. The first areas are treated by a laser to form metal particle layers. Conductive layers are formed on the metal particle layers by a plating process to form commutator segments. Terminals are connected to the conductive layers for connecting the commutator to rotor windings.

A commutator is formed by providing an electrically insulating commutator body. First and second areas are defined on the commutator body covering a brush contact surface in an alternating manner. At least the surfaces of the first areas are formed of laser direct structured material. The first areas are treated by a laser to form metal particle layers. Conductive layers are formed on the metal particle layers by a plating process to form commutator segments. Terminals are connected to the conductive layers for connecting the commutator to rotor windings.

A commutator has a conductive layer, a segment layer and an insulating layer separating the conductive layer and the segment layer. The segment layer includes multiple commutator segments. A mounting hole is defined along an axis of the commutator passing through the conductive layer. The three-layer structure of the commutator forms a capacitor having an increased confronting area and reduced inter-plate distance. The capacitor thus has a greater capacitance and hence greater EMI absorbing capability, making it possible to reduce EMI emissions without additional EMI reduction components outside the commutator. A rotor and a motor employing the commutator are also disclosed.

A commutator has a conductive layer, a segment layer and an insulating layer separating the conductive layer and the segment layer. The segment layer includes multiple commutator segments. A mounting hole is defined along an axis of the commutator passing through the conductive layer. The three-layer structure of the commutator forms a capacitor having an increased confronting area and reduced inter-plate distance. The capacitor thus has a greater capacitance and hence greater EMI absorbing capability, making it possible to reduce EMI emissions without additional EMI reduction components outside the commutator. A rotor and a motor employing the commutator are also disclosed.

The invention relates to the use of a carbon composite material for manufacturing electrical contact elements of a fuel pump operated in a fuel environment, the contact elements being designed as carbon molds, wherein, in addition to carbon, the carbon composite material comprises a thermosetting or thermoplastic binder and a metal content that amounts to more than 0.5% and less than 25% of the total mass of the carbon composite material.