An embodiment provides a beam projector module including: a light source configured to output light; a substrate configured to support the light source; an optical device configured to reduce the light in terms of intensity output to a predetermined space; a frame configured to separate the optical device from the light source by a predetermined distance; an optical substrate configured to attach the optical device thereto and to define a sealed space with the substrate and the frame, the sealed space having internal pressure lower than pressure outside the sealed space; a sensor configured to measure a state of the sealed space; and a processor configured to change an operation mode of the light source depending on a measured value of the sensor.

One embodiment may provide a light source module including: a light source including at least one vertical cavity surface-emitting laser, which is configured to transfer light through N (N being a natural number equal to or greater than 1) apertures; at least one collimator lens through which light emitted from the light source passes; and a driving device configured to make the collimator lens move, wherein the at least one vertical cavity surface-emitting laser comprises divided regions, and an intensity of a beam is controlled according to a predetermined far-distance mode or near-distance mode.

One embodiment may provide a light source module including: a light source including at least one vertical cavity surface-emitting laser, which is configured to transfer light through N (N being a natural number equal to or greater than 1) apertures; at least one collimator lens through which light emitted from the light source passes; and a driving device configured to make the collimator lens move, wherein the at least one vertical cavity surface-emitting laser comprises divided regions, and an intensity of a beam is controlled according to a predetermined far-distance mode or near-distance mode

One embodiment may provide a light source module including: a light source part including at least one vertical cavity surface-emitting laser, which is configured to transfer light through N (N being a natural number equal to or greater than 1) apertures; at least one collimator lens through which light emitted from the light source part passes; and a driving device configured to make the collimator lens move, wherein the at least one vertical cavity surface-emitting laser comprises divided regions, and an intensity of a beam is controlled according to a predetermined far-distance mode or near-distance mode

In various embodiments, monitoring of one or more secondary diffracted beams formed within a laser resonator provides information based at least in part on which a primary diffracted beam formed within the laser resonator is controlled.

A coating having a mismatched coefficient of thermal expansion is applied to an underlying light emitting diode (LED) or laser diode (LD), such that as the temperature of the device changes, a varying level of strain is introduced to the underlying LED or LD. Because strain can also adjust the effective bandgap energy (and hence emission wavelength) of the device, the external strain-inducing coating can act to either compensate for the wavelength shift due to temperature (resulting in reduced dλ/dT) or accentuate it (resulting in increased dλ/dT). By proper selection of coating material and geometry, full control over dλ/dT can be achieved.

A tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is provided. The VCSEL includes a VCSEL emission structure, piezoelectric material, and a piezoelectric electrode. The VCSEL emission structure includes a first reflector; a second reflector; and an active cavity material structure disposed between the first and second reflectors. The active cavity material structure includes an active region. The piezoelectric material is mechanically coupled to the VCSEL emission structure such that when the piezoelectric material experiences a mechanical stress, the mechanical stress is transferred to the active cavity material structure of the VCSEL emission structure. The piezoelectric electrode is designed to cause an electric field within the piezoelectric material. The electric field causes the piezoelectric material to experience the mechanical stress, which causes the active cavity material structure to experience the mechanical stress, which causes the emission wavelength of the VCSEL to be modified from a nominal wavelength of the VCSEL.

A design and method for introducing asymmetric crystal strain to control polarization in a tunable VCSEL, either optically or electrically pumped. The invention is especially relevant to wafer- or die-bonded tunable VCSELs. Then, mechanical stress is applied to the half VCSEL device by asymmetric arrangement of metal bond pads.

The invention relates to a device (2) for injecting spin-polarized electrons and for reflecting light, comprising at least one lattice structure (3) having a plurality of recesses (4), wherein the lattice structure (3) is designed to reflect the light, and wherein a respective injection contact (5, 6) for injecting spin-polarized electrons is arranged in at least some of the recesses (4).

Examples herein relate to optical systems. In particular, implementations herein relate to an optical system including a bidirectional optical link such as an optical fiber. The optical system includes a resonator tuned to filter a resonant wavelength of light emitted by an optical source. The optical source may be configured to emit light having multiple wavelengths, and the resonator may be configured to receive light emitted by the optical source. The optical system may further include a photodetector to receive the resonant wavelength and measure a power of the resonant wavelength. The optical system may further include a controller coupled to the optical source. The controller may receive the measured first power of the resonant wavelength and change the state of the optical source when the measured power of the resonant wavelength is outside a per-wavelength threshold range.