There is provided an ESD protection device capable of lowering a discharge starting voltage. An ESD protection device 1 includes a ceramic multilayer substrate 2, a first discharge electrode 4 and a second discharge electrode 5 arranged at a height position of the ceramic multilayer substrate, an end 4a of the first discharge electrode 4 and an end 5a of the second discharge electrode 5 facing each other, in which each of the first discharge electrode 4 and the second discharge electrode 5 contains a metal and a shrinkage suppression material having a lower rate of shrinkage than that of the metal at a temperature at which firing for the production of the ceramic multilayer substrate 2 is performed.

There is provided an ESD protection device capable of lowering a discharge starting voltage. An ESD protection device 1 includes a ceramic multilayer substrate 2, a first discharge electrode 4 and a second discharge electrode 5 arranged at a height position of the ceramic multilayer substrate, an end 4a of the first discharge electrode 4 and an end 5a of the second discharge electrode 5 facing each other, in which each of the first discharge electrode 4 and the second discharge electrode 5 contains a metal and a shrinkage suppression material having a lower rate of shrinkage than that of the metal at a temperature at which firing for the production of the ceramic multilayer substrate 2 is performed.

A spark plug having a longitudinal axis. The spark plug includes: a housing having a bore along the spark plug longitudinal axis and a combustion-chamber-side end face; an insulator arranged at least partially within the housing, and having an insulator base extending from a combustion-chamber-side end face of the insulator to an insulator base neck; a central electrode arranged at least partially within the insulator; and a ground electrode arranged on the housing, the ground electrode and the central electrode being arranged so that the at least one ground electrode forms a spark gap with the central electrode, a width of the spark gap being defined by an inter-electrode distance between the central electrode and the ground electrode. The inter-electrode distance between the central electrode and the ground electrode is not greater than 0.4 mm. The spark gap is formed at least partially within the housing.

A spark plug having a longitudinal axis. The spark plug includes: a housing having a bore along the spark plug longitudinal axis and a combustion-chamber-side end face; an insulator arranged at least partially within the housing, and having an insulator base extending from a combustion-chamber-side end face of the insulator to an insulator base neck; a central electrode arranged at least partially within the insulator; and a ground electrode arranged on the housing, the ground electrode and the central electrode being arranged so that the at least one ground electrode forms a spark gap with the central electrode, a width of the spark gap being defined by an inter-electrode distance between the central electrode and the ground electrode. The inter-electrode distance between the central electrode and the ground electrode is not greater than 0.4 mm. The spark gap is formed at least partially within the housing.

An ESD protection device includes an insulating ceramic body including a cavity, first and second discharge electrodes disposed so as to partially face each other with the cavity interposed therebetween, and a supporting electrode disposed so as to be at least partially exposed to the cavity and to be electrically connected to the first and second discharge electrodes. A void isolated from the cavity is provided in at least a portion of a boundary region between at least one of the first and second discharge electrodes, the supporting electrode, and the insulating ceramic body.

An ESD protection device includes an insulating ceramic body including a cavity, first and second discharge electrodes disposed so as to partially face each other with the cavity interposed therebetween, and a supporting electrode disposed so as to be at least partially exposed to the cavity and to be electrically connected to the first and second discharge electrodes. A void isolated from the cavity is provided in at least a portion of a boundary region between at least one of the first and second discharge electrodes, the supporting electrode, and the insulating ceramic body.

Flash tubes for photographic use, in particular a flash tube is adapted to provide a light output adapted to FP-sync, Flat Peak. The flash tube includes a length of glass tubing enclosing a gas for use in the flash tube, a cathode inside a first end part of glass tubing and an anode inside a second end part of glass tubing. The cathode includes an element that helps to ionize the gas that is wound around the cathode, such that a spark stream starts from the upper part of the cathode and is prevented from spreading down wards on the cathode and changing the arc length during the light output adapted to FP-sync.

Flash tubes for photographic use, in particular a flash tube is adapted to provide a light output adapted to FP-sync, Flat Peak. The flash tube includes a length of glass tubing enclosing a gas for use in the flash tube, a cathode inside a first end part of glass tubing and an anode inside a second end part of glass tubing. The cathode includes an element that helps to ionize the gas that is wound around the cathode, such that a spark stream starts from the upper part of the cathode and is prevented from spreading down wards on the cathode and changing the arc length during the light output adapted to FP-sync.

An ESD protection device 1 has a ceramic insulating material 10, first and second discharge electrodes 21 and 22, and a discharge-assisting section 51. The first and second discharge electrodes 21 and 22 are disposed somewhere of the ceramic insulating material 10. The discharge-assisting section 51 is located between the distal end portion of the first discharge electrode 21 and the distal end portion of the second discharge electrode 22. The discharge-assisting section 51 is an electrode configured to reduce the discharge starting voltage between the first discharge electrode 21 and the second discharge electrode 22. The discharge-assisting section 51 is made from a sintered body containing conductive particles and at least one of semiconductor particles and insulating particles. The first and second discharge electrodes contain at least one of the semiconductor material constituting the semiconductor particles and the insulating material constituting the insulating particles.

An ESD protection device 1 has a ceramic insulating material 10, first and second discharge electrodes 21 and 22, and a discharge-assisting section 51. The first and second discharge electrodes 21 and 22 are disposed somewhere of the ceramic insulating material 10. The discharge-assisting section 51 is located between the distal end portion of the first discharge electrode 21 and the distal end portion of the second discharge electrode 22. The discharge-assisting section 51 is an electrode configured to reduce the discharge starting voltage between the first discharge electrode 21 and the second discharge electrode 22. The discharge-assisting section 51 is made from a sintered body containing conductive particles and at least one of semiconductor particles and insulating particles. The first and second discharge electrodes contain at least one of the semiconductor material constituting the semiconductor particles and the insulating material constituting the insulating particles.