A circuit interrupting device includes an input conductor for electrically connecting to an external power supply, a load conductor for electrically connecting to a downstream load, a face conductor for electrically connecting to an external load, and a brush conductor in electrical communication with the input conductor and movable between a closed position and an open position. The brush conductor includes a second portion offset from a first portion such that a first terminal and a second terminal are positioned on separate planes. When the brush conductor is in the closed position, the first terminal contacts the load terminal and the second terminal contacts the face terminal to provide electrical communication between the input conductor, the load conductor, and the face conductor. When the brush conductor is in the open position, the first terminal is spaced apart from the load terminal and the second terminal is spaced apart from the face terminal.

A wiring device including an interrupting device and a controller. The interrupting device electrically connects one or more line terminals to one or more load terminals when the interrupting device is in a reset condition and disconnects the line terminals from the load terminals when the interrupting device is in a tripped condition. The controller is configured to, determine a frequency of an input voltage at the one or more line terminals, determine whether the frequency is within a predetermined range, and when the frequency is within the predetermined range, perform a test of the wiring device.

A method for determining the resistive component of the leakage current impedance (R.sub.i50) of a downstream branch to an alternating current network having a live phase (L), a neutral conductor (N), and a protective conductor (PE) conducted by: (a) measuring a differential current I.sub.LN between the live phase (L) and the neutral conductor (N); (b) measuring a voltage U between the live phase (L) and the neutral conductor (N) or between the live phase (L) and the protective conductor (PE); (c) correcting a phase shift between the differential current I.sub.LN and the voltage U; (d) determining several individual differential current values I.sub.LN,i and several individual voltage values U.sub.i, the differential current values I.sub.LN,i being phase-corrected with respect to the voltage values U.sub.i; (e) determining the effective power P from the several individual differential current values I.sub.LN,I and the several individual voltage values U.sub.i; (f) determining the effective voltage U.sub.Eff by the voltage values U.sub.i; and (g) determining the resistive component of the leakage current impedance (R.sub.i50).

A ground detecting apparatus at least includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a high voltage resistor. The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is used to replace a photo-coupler for switching. The high voltage resistor is used for safety isolation. A relay action detecting apparatus at least includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a high voltage resistor. The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is used to replace a photo-coupler for switching. The high voltage resistor is used for safety isolation.

A fault detector detects grounded-neutral faults. The fault detector is configured to: receive a first signal from a first induction circuit, the first induction circuit configured to detect a current imbalance between a line conductor and a neutral conductor; determine a first frequency and a first phase of a noise signal component of the first signal; output a noise cancellation signal to a primary side of the first induction circuit, the noise cancellation signal having the first frequency of the noise signal component and an opposite phase than the first phase of the noise signal component; and generate a trip signal based on determining that an impedance of the neutral conductor to ground is at or below a threshold level based upon the first signal received during the injection of the noise cancelation signal.

Systems and methods performed by a fault detection apparatus for fault detection and localization in distribution feeders having branches and nodes. The method including receive feeder raw data in a feeder of a power system. Process the feeder raw data with given operational electrical characteristics of the feeder to generate a branch attribute dataset for each branch separated by a pair of nodes for all branches. Generate a node attribute dataset for each node for all the nodes in the feeder. Input the branch and node attribute datasets into a trained neural network to determine whether a branch has a fault and a fault location within the branch, to output a classification of the fault and the fault location. Generate an alert signal based upon determining the classified fault and fault location in response to the alert signal to an outage response system.

A method and a device for impedance monitoring for a single-phase or multiphase, ungrounded power supply system. The method comprising the following steps: measuring a complex impedance against ground simultaneously for each active conductor using a measuring device; calculating a complex touch current for each active conductor; testing in the computing unit whether the corresponding complex touch current exceeds a settable body-current threshold value; generating a switch signal in the computing unit upon the body-current threshold value being exceeded; and controlling a switch element using the switch signal for shutting off or isolating the power source.

The invention discloses a circuit protection device with self fault detection function. The ground fault protection unit comprises a ground fault detection circuit, an AC power supply path and an electromagnetic drive circuit. The self fault detection unit comprises an automatic detection circuit and a control circuit. The control circuit starts periodically a self fault detection process, controls the automatic detection circuit to generate a ground fault current GFC to the ground fault protection unit, and detects the fault status signal from the electromagnetic drive circuit. Based on the fault status signal, operation situations of the ground fault protection unit can be determined. If a fault occurs, an emergency interruption signal is generated, and that activates the electromagnetic drive circuit to make the ground fault protection unit trip in emergency, and cut off the AC power supply on load and socket terminals, and thus the emergency protection function is achieved. The ground fault protection unit utilizes an electromagnetic drive circuit which comprises two silicon controlled rectifiers, so that the reliability of the circuit protection device can be improved.

A circuit for detecting arc due to a bad contact includes a rectifying unit for rectifying an arc pulse voltage due to the bad contact, an arc voltage detection unit for detecting an arc voltage through the rectifying unit, a high-frequency pass filter combined in a front end or a rear end of the arc voltage detection unit, a control signal generation unit for generating a relay driving control signal using the arc voltage detected by the arc voltage detection unit, and a relay unit controlled by the relay driving control signal and electrically connecting a ground line and a power line of the interior wiring.

An autonomous breaker can apply a current through a high impedance source to a bus coupled to either end of a breaker in order to measure an impedance of the bus. The status of the bus can be determined from the measurement. Based on the determined status, a fault detection procedure can be selected and implemented to determine if a fault exists on the bus. When the fault detection procedure has been implemented and no fault has been detected, the breaker can close, and thus couple the bus to another bus.