An end effector for use with a surgical stapling instrument is disclosed. The end effector comprises a first jaw, a second jaw movable relative to the first jaw to grasp tissue therebetween, and a staple cartridge. The staple cartridge comprises staples deployable into the tissue. The end effector further comprises a magnetic sensor configured to measure a parameter indicative of an identifying characteristic of the staple cartridge, an impedance sensor configured to measure a parameter indicative of an impedance of the tissue, and a processing unit in communication with the impedance sensor. The processing unit is configured to determine a property of the tissue based on an output of the impedance sensor.

A power transmitter for wireless power transfer at extended distances is configured for vehicular utilization. The power transmitter includes vehicular power input regulator configured for receiving input power and filtering the input power to a filtered input power, the vehicular power input regulator including an input protection circuit and a DC/DC voltage converter. The power transmitter further includes a control and communications circuit and an inverter circuit. The power transmitter further includes a coil for transmitting the power signal to a power receiver, the coil formed of wound Litz wire and including at least one layer, each of the at least one layer having N turns, the coil defining, at least a top face and a shielding comprising a ferrite core and defining a cavity, the cavity configured such that the ferrite core substantially surrounds all but the top face of the coil.

A power distribution circuit for providing electric power from a plurality of power supplies to a plurality of loads comprises a combiner of power outputs of the power supplies to provide power at a given voltage to a plurality of hot swap modules that are each electrically connected to the combiner and to a power input of a corresponding load. Each hot swap module verifies one or more conditions selected from the given voltage being at least equal to a minimum voltage threshold, the given voltage not exceeding a maximum voltage threshold, and a current consumed by the load not exceeding a maximum current threshold. Each hot swap module delivers power to the power input of the corresponding load when all selected conditions are met and isolates the power input of the corresponding load from the power supplies when any one of the selected conditions is not met.

A method and system are provided for transferring a load between a primary power source and a secondary power source. In accordance with the disclosure, a controller senses, via a sensor, an electrical signal providing power from the primary power source to the load. The controller also detects a non-conforming power event by determining that a parameter of the electrical signal is either more or less than a first threshold value. Responsive to the detection of the non-conforming power event, the controller determines a quantity of non-conforming power events that occur during a first time interval. The controller further can compares the determined quantity of non-conforming power events to a second threshold value. Responsive to the determined quantity of non-conforming power events being either greater or lesser than the second threshold value, the controller initiates a control signal, such as a control signal to initiate a load transfer.

A surgical instrument comprising an end effector, a firing member, a motor, and a control circuit is disclosed. The end effector comprises a first jaw, a second jaw movable relative to the first jaw to grasp tissue therebetween, a staple cartridge comprising staples, a first sensor at a first position of the end effector, and a second sensor at a second position of the end effector. The firing member is movable in a firing motion to deploy the staples. The motor is configured to cause the firing motion. The control circuit is configured to receive a first output of the first sensor, receive a second output of the second sensor, and cause the motor to adjust the firing motion based on the first and second outputs. The first output is indicative of a tissue property and the second output is indicative of the tissue property.

An end effector for use with a surgical stapling instrument is disclosed. The end effector comprises a first jaw, a second jaw movable relative to the first jaw to grasp tissue therebetween, and a staple cartridge. The staple cartridge comprises staples deployable into the tissue. The end effector further comprises a magnetic sensor configured to measure a parameter indicative of an identifying characteristic of the staple cartridge, an impedance sensor configured to measure a parameter indicative of an impedance of the tissue, and a processing unit in communication with the impedance sensor. The processing unit is configured to determine a property of the tissue based on an output of the impedance sensor.

In an embodiment, a brown-out protection circuit includes: a monitoring terminal; a threshold generator supplying a threshold voltage; a comparator to compare a monitoring voltage at the monitoring terminal and the threshold voltage; and a logic module supplying an enable signal having a brown-in logic value and a brown-out logic value. When the enable signal is at the brown-out logic value, the logic module checks transition conditions, relating to a number of usable transitions of the monitoring voltage from lower to greater than the threshold voltage, and time conditions, relating to permanence of the monitoring voltage above the threshold voltage after a usable transition or in an aggregated manner after a plurality of consecutive usable transitions. The logic module sets the enable signal to the brown-in logic value when the transition conditions or the time conditions are met.

A method (200) for operating an electrical vehicle circuit (115) of a motor vehicle (105) includes determining that a voltage of the vehicle circuit (115) drops below a predetermined threshold value while electric current from the vehicle circuit (115) flows through a consumer (130) on board the motor vehicle (105), lowering a voltage present at the consumer (130) in order to reduce the current flowing through the consumer (130), and successively raising the voltage present at the consumer (130).

An over/under voltage protection circuit includes a voltage input terminal, a digital-to analog converter, a comparator, and a control circuit. The comparator includes a first input coupled to an output of the digital-to-analog converter, and a second input coupled to the voltage input terminal. The control circuit includes an output coupled to an input of the digital-to-analog converter, and an input coupled to an output of the comparator. The control circuit is configured to set the digital-to-analog converter to generate an overvoltage fault threshold responsive to the output of the comparator indicating that voltage of a signal at the voltage input terminal exceeds a threshold currently generated by the digital-to-analog converter.

A power system comprising one or more power generators and a combiner. The system may be electrically connected to or include one or more loads. The combiner may have input terminals that are coupled to outputs of the power generators. The combiner may also have output terminals that are coupled to input(s) of the one or more loads. The power generators may be configured to transfer harvested power to the combiner, and the combiner may be configured to transfer the harvested power to the one or more loads.