A transient voltage suppression (TVS) device including a TVS diode having a first electrode and a second electrode, an insulating plate disposed on the first electrode, a first terminal lead connected to the insulating plate, a second terminal lead connected to the second electrode, and an thermal cutoff element connecting the first terminal lead to the first electrode, the thermal cutoff element configured to melt and break an electrical connection between the first terminal lead and the first electrode when a temperature of the TVS diode exceeds a predetermined safety temperature.

A gas arrester is disclosed. In an embodiment a gas arrester for a data line system includes a discharge electrode, a plurality of individual electrodes configured to connect data lines and a common gas discharge region formed between the individual electrodes and the discharge electrode, wherein the gas arrester is configured to reduce voltage differences between lines or line pairs of the data line system with more than 2 lines.

A system and method for detecting and isolating a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (“HEMP”) along electrical lines electrically connected to a monitored infrastructure so as to protect the monitored infrastructure, the method including a phase unit receiving sensor signals from a plurality of sensors electrically connected to each of the electrical lines, respectively, upstream of and associated with the monitored infrastructure. The method includes determining if the received sensors signals associated with the respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, actuating an isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate the respective electrical line against propagation against the monitored infrastructure. Determining in real time if received sensor signals is indicative of the E1 component includes a hardware implemented neural network (NN) having algorithms for machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) operable to provide instantaneous detection and classification.

A protection circuit is provided. A control circuit receives an input voltage. In a case that the input voltage is lower than a negative threshold voltage, the control circuit outputs a first control voltage to a surge bleeder circuit through a first output end of the control circuit, to control the surge bleeder circuit to discharge the input voltage and output a first bleeder current. In a case that the input voltage is higher than a positive threshold voltage, the control circuit outputs a second control voltage to the surge bleeder circuit through a second output end of the control circuit, to control the surge bleeder circuit to discharge the input voltage and output a second bleeder current.

A protection circuit is provided. A control circuit receives an input voltage. In a case that the input voltage is lower than a negative threshold voltage, the control circuit outputs a first control voltage to a surge bleeder circuit through a first output end of the control circuit, to control the surge bleeder circuit to discharge the input voltage and output a first bleeder current. In a case that the input voltage is higher than a positive threshold voltage, the control circuit outputs a second control voltage to the surge bleeder circuit through a second output end of the control circuit, to control the surge bleeder circuit to discharge the input voltage and output a second bleeder current.

A power distribution system includes a solid state power controller (SSPC). The SSPC includes a microcontroller having at least one voltage sense input. The microcontroller is configured to selectively allow a current through the SSPC in response to a common mode voltage to ground and/or a SSPC differential voltage meeting or exceeding a respective pre-determined threshold. A method of operating a SSPC includes determining whether at least one of a common mode voltage to ground or a SSPC differential voltage meet or exceed a respective pre-determined threshold. The method includes selectively allowing a current through the SSPC in response to at least one of the common mode voltage to ground or the SSPC differential voltage meeting or exceeding the respective pre-determined threshold.

A power distribution system includes a solid state power controller (SSPC). The SSPC includes a microcontroller having at least one voltage sense input. The microcontroller is configured to selectively allow a current through the SSPC in response to a common mode voltage to ground and/or a SSPC differential voltage meeting or exceeding a respective pre-determined threshold. A method of operating a SSPC includes determining whether at least one of a common mode voltage to ground or a SSPC differential voltage meet or exceed a respective pre-determined threshold. The method includes selectively allowing a current through the SSPC in response to at least one of the common mode voltage to ground or the SSPC differential voltage meeting or exceeding the respective pre-determined threshold.

A surge protection device includes a surge protection circuit, a controller, and a wireless module. The surge protection circuit has a plurality of surge protection elements, receives a power source and correspondingly generates a sampling signal according to the power source. The controller compares a representative voltage value of the power source corresponding to the sampling signal with a first reference value to determine a using state of the surge protection circuit. The wireless module correspondingly transmits the using state to a remote server.

A surge protection device includes a surge protection circuit, a controller, and a wireless module. The surge protection circuit has a plurality of surge protection elements, receives a power source and correspondingly generates a sampling signal according to the power source. The controller compares a representative voltage value of the power source corresponding to the sampling signal with a first reference value to determine a using state of the surge protection circuit. The wireless module correspondingly transmits the using state to a remote server.

A wireless sensor network gateway includes safe side circuitry, hazardous side circuitry and isolation circuitry, which are supported by a housing. The safe side circuitry includes a safe side power circuit, and a safe side data input/output (I/O) circuit. The hazardous side circuitry includes a hazardous side power circuit, and a hazardous side data I/O circuit. The isolation circuitry divides the safe side circuitry from the hazardous side circuitry. The isolation circuitry includes a power isolation circuit that couples the safe side power circuit to the hazardous side power circuit and forms an intrinsic safety barrier between the safe side power circuit and the hazardous side power circuit, and a data isolation circuit that couples the safe side data I/O circuit to the hazardous side data I/O circuit and forms an intrinsic safety barrier between the safe side data I/O circuit and the hazardous side data I/O circuit.