A protection circuit for a capacitive filter for a multi-voltage system includes a first capacitor electrically connected between a first connection point at a first electrical potential and a second connection point at a second electrical potential and a second capacitor electrically connected between the second connection point and a third connection point at a third electrical potential. The first electrical potential is greater than the second electrical potential and the third electrical potential is less than the second electrical potential. The third electrical potential may be electrical ground. A controller circuit monitors a voltage differential across the first capacitor and the second capacitor and, based on the voltage differential meeting a threshold condition, controls a switch to disconnect one or both of the first capacitor and the second capacitor.

An apparatus includes a transient voltage suppression (TVS) device configured to be coupled in parallel with a burden resistor. The apparatus also includes a switch configured to couple the TVS device across the burden resistor. The apparatus further includes a comparator configured to detect a peak output voltage provided by a circuit, determine whether the peak output voltage meets or exceeds a threshold, and control the switch based on whether the peak output voltage meets or exceeds the threshold.

A semiconductor switch device according to one or more embodiments may include a main switch that switches power supplied from a power supply, a driver that outputs a voltage lower than that of normal operation so that the main switch is in a constant voltage regulation state in case of a power short detection operation, a controller that controls a normal operation or a power short detection operation of the driver, a power short detector that detects if an output voltage has a sufficient potential difference with respect to a power supply voltage in the case of the power short detection operation, and a diagnostic circuit that diagnoses the power short and outputs a diagnostic result in response to detecting that the output voltage does not have a sufficient potential difference with respect to the power supply voltage in the case of the power short detection operation of the driver.

A semiconductor switch device according to one or more embodiments may include a main switch that switches power supplied from a power supply, a driver that outputs a voltage lower than that of normal operation so that the main switch is in a constant voltage regulation state in case of a power short detection operation, a controller that controls a normal operation or a power short detection operation of the driver, a power short detector that detects if an output voltage has a sufficient potential difference with respect to a power supply voltage in the case of the power short detection operation, and a diagnostic circuit that diagnoses the power short and outputs a diagnostic result in response to detecting that the output voltage does not have a sufficient potential difference with respect to the power supply voltage in the case of the power short detection operation of the driver.

A load switch and a power system are provided. The load switch includes a power input terminal, a power output terminal, a voltage-current conversion circuit, a capacitor and a comparator. The power input terminal is configured to receive an input voltage. The power output terminal is configured to provide an output voltage. The voltage-current conversion circuit includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal and a current difference output terminal. The first input terminal and the second input terminal are connected to the power output terminal and the power input terminal, respectively, and configured to receive the output voltage and the input voltage, respectively. A current difference characterizing a voltage difference between the output voltage and the input voltage is output at the current difference output terminal.

A load switch and a power system are provided. The load switch includes a power input terminal, a power output terminal, a voltage-current conversion circuit, a capacitor and a comparator. The power input terminal is configured to receive an input voltage. The power output terminal is configured to provide an output voltage. The voltage-current conversion circuit includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal and a current difference output terminal. The first input terminal and the second input terminal are connected to the power output terminal and the power input terminal, respectively, and configured to receive the output voltage and the input voltage, respectively. A current difference characterizing a voltage difference between the output voltage and the input voltage is output at the current difference output terminal.

In a digital-electricity power system, an electrical-current sample value is acquired along with a voltage sample value within a time window over which the electrical current and voltage are substantially unchanged. A transmission-line series voltage is derived from the difference between the voltage at the transmitter and the voltage at the receiver. Each transmission-line series voltage is divided by a corresponding stored electrical-current sample value to generate a ratio indicative of transmission-line series resistance. These steps are repeated, and the transmitter-disconnect device is placed in a non-conducting state if a difference in the ratio generated in one or more time periods exceeds a predetermined maximum, wherein exceeding the predetermined maximum is indicative of a series resistance fault. Alternatively, a series resistance value, determined by dividing a change in voltage over a change in current, is evaluated to detect a fault.

In a digital-electricity power system, an electrical-current sample value is acquired along with a voltage sample value within a time window over which the electrical current and voltage are substantially unchanged. A transmission-line series voltage is derived from the difference between the voltage at the transmitter and the voltage at the receiver. Each transmission-line series voltage is divided by a corresponding stored electrical-current sample value to generate a ratio indicative of transmission-line series resistance. These steps are repeated, and the transmitter-disconnect device is placed in a non-conducting state if a difference in the ratio generated in one or more time periods exceeds a predetermined maximum, wherein exceeding the predetermined maximum is indicative of a series resistance fault. Alternatively, a series resistance value, determined by dividing a change in voltage over a change in current, is evaluated to detect a fault.

A solution is disclosed for providing fault-managed power systems using optical elements. The fault-managed power systems are able to provide safe and efficient power delivery utilizing optical fiber links to improve signal integrity, security, and reach of the system.

A solution is disclosed for providing fault-managed power systems using optical elements. The fault-managed power systems are able to provide safe and efficient power delivery utilizing optical fiber links to improve signal integrity, security, and reach of the system.