The present disclosure concerns overtemperature protection circuit formed inside and on top of a monolithic semiconductor substrate having a surface covered with a gallium nitride layer, comprising: a first resistor having a first positive temperature coefficient and being arranged in said gallium nitride layer; and a second resistor having a second temperature coefficient different from the first coefficient.

A circuit for measuring temperature of an external switch is disclosed. The circuit includes a variable resistor, a switch coupled to the variable resistor in series, a fixed value resistor coupled to the variable resistor and a comparator coupled between the variable resistor and the fixed value resistor. The circuit is configured to compare voltage drop between a drain and a source of the external switch when the external switch is in ON state with voltage drop at the variable resistor and output a signal to indicate an overtemperature based on the comparing.

A system for a vehicle includes an electrical port that charges a vehicle battery via a connection to a power source, and a controller configured to interrupt charging and to display an alert responsive to temperature at the connection being greater than a threshold and voltage of a control pilot terminal of the port being at an overtemperature state voltage that is different from each of disconnected, connected, ready, and fault state voltages.

A bi-stage temperature device may include a low temperature component, comprising a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) material; and a high temperature component, mechanically coupled to the low temperature component, and comprising a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material, and a flexible substrate. The low temperature component may be arranged to generate a low temperature transition, the low temperature transition comprising a first change in electrical resistance, from a first resistance to a second resistance at a first temperature. The high temperature component may be arranged to generate a high temperature transition, the high temperature transition comprising a second change in electrical resistance, from a third resistance to a fourth resistance at a second temperature.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a battery protection circuit including a battery, a fuse, a charging switch including a first body diode that is forward biased in a discharge path direction, a discharging switch including a second body diode that is forward biased in a charge path direction, a thermistor including a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled between the charging switch and the discharging switch, and a controller configured to sense a voltage value from the second end of the thermistor, and configured to control the fuse, the charging switch, and the discharging switch.

A cable including a power conductor configured to transmit electrical power between a first device and a second device, a first data conductor configured to transmit data between the first device and the second device, and a first protection circuit coupled to the first data conductor and associated with a first temperature sensing element, the first protection circuit configured to mitigate current flowing through the first data conductor if a temperature detected by the first temperature sensing element rises above a predefined first trip temperature, wherein the opening of the first data line indicates a fault condition to a device to which the cable is connected, whereby electrical power flowing through the power conductor is resultantly mitigated.

A protection system for an electromagnetic relay mounted on a vehicle is configured to protect the electromagnetic relay from causing a coupling failure due to freezing of the electromagnetic relay. The system includes a temperature detector, a cooler, and a control unit. The temperature detector sequentially measures an ambient temperature of a location in which the electromagnetic relay is disposed and outputs information on a change in the ambient temperature. The cooler cools an electric power line coupled to a fixing terminal of the electromagnetic relay. The control unit activates the cooler to cool the electric power line in a case where the control unit determines that the electromagnetic relay has a possibility of freezing on the basis of the information on the change in the ambient temperature from the temperature detector.

Provided is a novel power conversion device that enables estimation of a temperature of a power device without using a temperature sensing diode and can accurately estimate a temperature and a current of a current sensing element that observes a main current. A measurement voltage (Vref) is applied between source terminals (31s and 49s) of a main control element 31 and a current sensing element 49 in a state in which the main control element 31 and the current sensing element 49 are turned off, and a temperature of a power device 30 is estimated from a current (Ib) flowing between the source terminals (31s and 49s) of the main control element 31 and the current sensing element 49 at the time of the application by using the fact that a resistance value of a semiconductor substrate between the source terminals of the main control element 31 and the current sensing element 49 has temperature dependency.

The disclosure provides a compact fixing device with reduced cost of wiring including electrical cables. In the fixing device, first and second wire guide members that seal a part of wires electrically connected to terminals of a temperature detection element and a part of wires electrically connected to terminals of a safety element are disposed in the internal space of a fixing film.

A bi-stage temperature device may include a low temperature component, comprising a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) material; and a high temperature component, mechanically coupled to the low temperature component, and comprising a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material, and a flexible substrate. The low temperature component may be arranged to generate a low temperature transition, the low temperature transition comprising a first change in electrical resistance, from a first resistance to a second resistance at a first temperature. The high temperature component may be arranged to generate a high temperature transition, the high temperature transition comprising a second change in electrical resistance, from a third resistance to a fourth resistance at a second temperature.