A device includes a protected terminal, a reference terminal, and a rate-triggered circuit coupled to the protected terminal and to the reference terminal. The rate-triggered circuit is configured to provide an output voltage responsive to a ramp rate of a voltage at the protected terminal being greater than a rate threshold. The device also includes a transistor configured to shunt current from the protected terminal to the reference terminal responsive to the rate-triggered circuit output voltage, and a level-sensing circuit configured to turn off the transistor responsive to the voltage at the protected terminal being greater than a level-sense threshold.

An overvoltage protection circuit includes an input terminal, an output terminal, a clamp transistor, and a selector circuit. The clamp transistor is configured to control current flow between the input terminal and the output terminal. The clamp transistor includes a first terminal coupled to the input terminal, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal. The selector circuit is configured to control a resistance of the clamp transistor based on a voltage at the input terminal. The selector circuit includes a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the clamp transistor, a second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the clamp transistor, and a third terminal coupled to a third terminal of the clamp transistor.

Embodiments of present disclosure relate to a protection unit, an ADC module, and a system. The protection unit includes a first terminal; a second terminal; a first switch unit disposed between the first terminal and an output terminal of the protection unit; a second switch unit disposed between the second terminal and a ground of the protection unit; and a positive over voltage protection unit coupled to the first terminal, the first switch unit, and the second switch unit. The protection unit is configured to switch off the first switch unit and the second switch unit when a positive voltage at the first terminal exceeds a positive threshold.

There are provided a device for preventing an entire cabinet from being powered down, a cabinet, and a method for preventing an entire cabinet from being powered down. The device includes a diode and a first protection circuit. An anode of the diode is grounded, a cathode of the diode is connected to an external voltage supplying copper busbar via the first protection circuit, and the diode is connected in parallel with an external node. The first protection circuit is arranged to monitor a current flowing through the diode, and cut off a connection line between the diode and the voltage supplying copper busbar in a case that the current exceeds a preset fusing current threshold.

A miniature circuit breaker for providing short circuit and overload protection is disclosed herein. The miniature circuit breaker features a field effect transistor (FET), which may be a depletion mode metal oxide semiconductor FET (D MOSFET), a junction field-effect transistor (JFET), or a silicon carbide JFET, the FET being connected to a bi-metallic switch, where the bi-metallic switch acts as a temperature sensing circuit breaker. In combination, the D MOSFET and bi-metallic switch are able to limit current to downstream circuit components, thus protecting the components from damage.

A controller, comprising: a processing resource; and a memory resource storing machine-readable instructions to cause the processing resource to: activate a detection signal to enable a transistor coupled to the controller; determine a voltage associated with a plurality of hot swap controllers; and determine, in view of the voltage, a quantity of hot swap controllers included in the plurality of hot swap controllers.

There are provided a device for preventing an entire cabinet from being powered down, a cabinet, and a method for preventing an entire cabinet from being powered down. The device includes a diode and a first protection circuit. An anode of the diode is grounded, a cathode of the diode is connected to an external voltage supplying copper busbar via the first protection circuit, and the diode is connected in parallel with an external node. The first protection circuit is arranged to monitor a current flowing through the diode, and cut off a connection line between the diode and the voltage supplying copper busbar in a case that the current exceeds a preset fusing current threshold.

Techniques are described to slow the turn off of a pass transistor coupled to an inductive load and being controlled by a hot swap or switch controller in the event of a fault on the load side. Active circuitry can control the gate of the pass transistor, e.g., field-effect transistor (FET), as the inductive load de-energizes and a feedback loop can servo the gate voltage of the pass transistor in order to ensure that its source does not go below a reference voltage.

A hot plugging module power supply device, method and system are provided. When a hot plugging module is connected to a system in a hot plugging manner, a control unit transmits a first control signal to a signal processing unit. The signal processing unit forms a switch-on signal and transmits the switch-on signal to a switch unit, to gradually switch on the switch unit, to provide power to the hot plugging module. During the hot plugging module is supplied with power, when an overcurrent fault occurs in the hot plugging module, the control unit transmits a second control signal to the signal processing unit, and the signal processing unit forms a switch-off signal and transmits the switch-off signal to the switch unit, to immediately switch off the switch unit, to stop supplying power to the hot plugging module.

A hot-swap controller regulates the supply of power from an input node to a load coupled to an output node. The controller includes at least one limiting circuit configured to control a first switch connected between the input node and the load to limit an output current of the first switch for application to the load. A control logic circuit determines a state of the first switch and outputs a local state signal, and a communication circuit responsive to the local state signal establishes a voltage or current level corresponding to the local state at a communication circuit output. A communication terminal is also provided that is responsive to the communication output and that is adapted to connect to a second communication terminal of a second hot-swap controller to communicate the local state to the second hot-swap controller.