Systems, devices, computer-implemented methods, and/or computer program products that can facilitate an intelligent battery cell are addressed. In one example, a device can comprise: active battery cell material; and an internal circuit coupled to the active battery cell material and comprising: a circuit board; two alternating current (AC) power points; two isolated direct current (DC) power points; and a controller that can operate one or more switches on an H-bridge circuit to disconnect the device from a main battery in a bypass mode. In another example, a smart cell modulator can comprise: a set of smart battery cells; and a controller that can operate to selectively engage a subset of the smart battery cells to enable load sharing, distributed feedback control, circulate load across one or more smart battery cells of the set of smart battery cells to increase torque, and to enable speed requests.

A power switching control system, includes a switching unit configured to switch connection and disconnection between loads set with operation priorities and powers supplying powers to the loads, the loads and the powers being connected to a power supply path; a power failure detection unit detecting a power failure caused by an abnormality on a power supply side or a load side; and a control unit controlling the switching unit. When the power failure detection unit detects the power failure, and remaining capacities, charging rates, or voltages of the plurality of powers are less than, or equal to or less than predetermined thresholds, the control unit disconnects the loads from the power supply path by the switching unit in an order from one of the loads with a lowest operation priority of the operation priorities to gradually decrease supply currents from the powers to the loads.

A power supply control apparatus includes: a first system configured to supply electric power of a first power supply to a first load; a second system configured to supply electric power of a second power supply to a second load; an inter-system switch provided in a connection path that connects the first system to the second system, and capable of connecting the first system to the second system and disconnecting the first system from the second system; a primary ground fault detection unit configured to cut off the inter-system switch when a ground fault of the first system or the second system is detected by the primary ground fault detection unit; a secondary ground fault detection unit as defined herein; and a mask processing unit as defined herein.

A supplemental power source connectable to a standard railroad track switch power source. A pair of electrical connectors (A) form a supplemental power source circuit input. Another pair of electrical connectors (B) form a supplemental power source output and are configured for connection to a standard railroad track switch. An electrical conductor connects a first one of the supplemental power source output connectors (B) to a first one of the supplemental power source input connectors (A). A diode is connected between a second one of the supplemental power source input connectors (A) and a second one of the supplemental power source output connectors (B). The diode is connected to prevent current flow to the standard railroad track switch power source. An ultracapacitor is electrically connected between the electrical conductor and the second one of the supplemental power source output connectors (B).

A switch arrangement for providing alternative distribution paths in a system for distributing electrical power in a vehicle including electrical power supplies and electrical loads. The switch arrangement includes a first switch adapted to be connected to a first electrical element, a second switch adapted to be connected to the first electrical element and a second electrical element, and a third switch adapted to be connected to the electrical element and a third electrical element. Each of the first, second, and third switches is independently controllable, and selective operation of each of the first, second, and third switches to its open or closed state interconnects at least two of the first, second, and third electrical elements to establish one of multiple alternative distribution paths to connect one of the power supplies and one of the loads or to connect two of the power supplies.

The power supply device with multiple outputs includes two output ports, a power converting module with two power output ends, and two switching modules connected among the two power output ends and the two output ports. The output power from the two power output ends can be independently allocated to either one or two of the two second output ports. When one of the output ports requests for a demand power, the power supply device is able to determine which one or both of the power output ends to output power to the output port, reaching a better power allocation efficiency.

A system basis chip is described. The system basis chip comprises a power supply circuit configured to receive an input voltage and generate a plurality of voltages, and a control circuit. Specifically, the power supply circuit is configured to selectively switch on a first and a second voltage of the voltages as a function of a control signal. The control circuit measures a resistance value of an external resistor connected to a terminal and selects one of a plurality of configurations as a function of the measured resistance value, wherein a first configuration indicates that said first voltage should be switched on before said second voltage and a second configuration indicates that said second voltage should be switched on before said first voltage. Accordingly, the control circuit may generate the control signal in order to switch on in sequence the first and the second voltage according to the selected configuration.

An electrical system may include an electronic control unit (ECU), a load driver connected to the ECU and configured to selectively provide a first electrical connection between a power source and a load, and/or a secondary power circuit connected to the ECU and configured to selectively provide a second electrical connection between said power source and said load. The secondary power circuit may include a wake-up circuit including a wake-up circuit switch, a trigger circuit including a trigger circuit switch, a sensing circuit including a sensing circuit switch; a switching circuit including a switching circuit switch; and/or a disable circuit connected to the ECU. The ECU may be configured to control the disable circuit to selectively open the switching circuit switch. The disable circuit may include a first disable circuit switch connected to ground and a second disable circuit switch connected to the switching circuit switch.

A power supply system includes: a first in-vehicle unit and a second in-vehicle unit; a first supply line normally supplying electric power from the first power supply unit to the first in-vehicle unit; a second supply line normally supplying electric power from the second power supply unit to the second in-vehicle unit; a crossover line relaying electric from the first supply line to the second supply line to be able to supply electric power under abnormal conditions; a power supply rectifier provided on a second power supply unit side of the relay supply line on the second supply line and configured to pass power to the second in-vehicle unit; a crossover rectifier provided on the crossover line and configured to pass power from the first supply line side to the second supply line; and a relay unit.

Disclosed herein is a switch system for rechargeable power storage devices (PSDs). The switch system includes a controller and a first and second switching modules. The first switching module is serially-connected to a PSD. The second switching module is connected in parallel to the PSD and the first switching module. Each switching module is switchable by the controller between: a state S.sub.1, wherein current cannot flow (through the switching module) in a first direction; a state S.sub.2, wherein current flow cannot flow opposite to the first direction; a state S.sub.3, wherein current may flow in both directions; and a state S.sub.0, wherein current cannot flow in any direction. The switch system is configured to preclude joint states (S.sub.1, S.sub.2), (S.sub.1, S.sub.3), (S.sub.3, S.sub.2), (S.sub.3, S.sub.3), with the first and second entries denoting states of the first and second switching modules, respectively, thereby preventing possibility of short-circuit.