A power management system includes a plurality of power adjustment resources electrically connected to a microgrid MG, and a CEMS server that manages the power adjustment resources. The CEMS server outputs a power adjustment request to the power adjustment resources when suppression of power consumption or consumption of surplus power in the microgrid MG is requested, and gives an incentive to a “responding resource” as the power adjustment resource that performs power adjustment in response to the power adjustment request among the power adjustment resources. The CEMS server increases the incentive more as a deviation of a time period during which the power adjustment is performed by the responding resource, with respect to a time period determined in the power adjustment request is smaller.

An autonomous real-time remedial action scheme (RAS) control system may receive electrical measurements of a power system. The RAS control system may determine active power and reactive power of each bus in the power system based on the received electrical measurements. The RAS control system may dynamically determine whether to shed one or more loads, generators, or both in the power system by optimizing an objective function to maintain maximum critical load and maximum critical generation in the electrical system based on the active and reactive power of each bus in the power system and the generation of each generator in the power system. The RAS control system may send a command to trip at least one breaker to cause the at least one breaker to shed the one or more loads, generators, or both. The RAS control system may send a command to runback one or more generators.

A software-defined control (SDC)-enabled microgrid system includes a physical plane having multiple distributed energy resources (DERs), the DERs being operatively coupled together via a bus, and a control plane. The control plane includes at least one virtual controller running on a hardware server in the control plane, a system analysis module in communication with the physical plane, and an SDC manager coupled with the virtual controller and the system analysis module. The virtual controller includes multiple software-defined functional modules configured to control prescribed parameters of the microgrid. The system analysis module is configured to generate system analytics information as a function of operational information associated with one or more DERs in the physical plane. The SDC manager is configured to generate one or more virtual controllers for controlling an operation of at least a subset of the DERs in the physical plane as a function of the system analytics information.

A software-defined control (SDC)-enabled microgrid system includes a physical plane having multiple distributed energy resources (DERs), the DERs being operatively coupled together via a bus, and a control plane. The control plane includes at least one virtual controller running on a hardware server in the control plane, a system analysis module in communication with the physical plane, and an SDC manager coupled with the virtual controller and the system analysis module. The virtual controller includes multiple software-defined functional modules configured to control prescribed parameters of the microgrid. The system analysis module is configured to generate system analytics information as a function of operational information associated with one or more DERs in the physical plane. The SDC manager is configured to generate one or more virtual controllers for controlling an operation of at least a subset of the DERs in the physical plane as a function of the system analytics information.

A method can be used to control a flexible interconnection device that includes a number of converters. The method includes receiving a plurality of voltage signals indicating respective voltages of a plurality of load branches and a plurality of current signals indicating respective currents of the plurality of load branches, determining reference active power values for each of the plurality of converters based on the plurality of voltage signals and a plurality of reference voltage signals, determining reference reactive power values for each of the plurality of converters based on the plurality of voltage signals, the plurality of reference voltage signals and the plurality of current signals, and controlling the plurality of converters based on the determined reference active power values and the determined reference reactive power values.

A method and system for controlling voltage and reactive power for electrical grids includes monitoring the output of the energy generation facilities at the point of interconnection (POI) of each energy generation facility to the power transmission system of the electrical grid. In addition, the voltage at a point of utilization (POU) is monitored to determine when the output voltage of the energy generation facilities must be adjusted to maintain voltage at the POU. In addition, when it is determined that energy generation facilities are exchanging reactive power, the voltage set points of the energy generation facilities are adjusted to reduce the exchanged power.

A method and system for controlling voltage and reactive power for electrical grids includes monitoring the output of the energy generation facilities at the point of interconnection (POI) of each energy generation facility to the power transmission system of the electrical grid. In addition, the voltage at a point of utilization (POU) is monitored to determine when the output voltage of the energy generation facilities must be adjusted to maintain voltage at the POU. In addition, when it is determined that energy generation facilities are exchanging reactive power, the voltage set points of the energy generation facilities are adjusted to reduce the exchanged power.

An AC electrical system for a vehicle and methods of operating the same are provided. In one aspect, an AC electrical system includes a first electric machine mechanically coupled with a first spool of a gas turbine engine and a second electric machine mechanically coupled with a second spool of the gas turbine engine. The system also includes a first AC bus and a second AC bus. A first electrical channel electrically couples the first electric machine to the first AC bus and a second electrical channel electrically couples the second electric machine to the second AC bus. The system also includes one or more connection links and one or more power converters for selectively electrically coupling the first and second electrical channels so that electrical power generated by one electric machine can be converted and shared with the other electric machine and electrical loads of the other channel.

Disclosed is an optimized energy interconnection system for an urban railway train in the technical field of urban railway transportation power supply, for addressing the technical problem that distribution of regenerative braking energy flows cannot be accurately determined. The system includes a DC intermediate bus and a multi-port flow controllable energy router. The multi-port flow controllable energy router can comprehensively control a source and a load connected in parallel on the DC intermediate bus and thus can accurately determine the distribution of regenerative braking energy flows, thereby forming a well-developed system for evaluating usage of the braking energy.

Disclosed is an optimized energy interconnection system for an urban railway train in the technical field of urban railway transportation power supply, for addressing the technical problem that distribution of regenerative braking energy flows cannot be accurately determined. The system includes a DC intermediate bus and a multi-port flow controllable energy router. The multi-port flow controllable energy router can comprehensively control a source and a load connected in parallel on the DC intermediate bus and thus can accurately determine the distribution of regenerative braking energy flows, thereby forming a well-developed system for evaluating usage of the braking energy.