Provided is a power distribution system for improving reliability of power supply to the load in a case where a bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected to one power supply when making a power supply redundant, connecting a first battery and a second battery so as to supply power to a load, including: a bidirectional DC/DC converter detecting an output of the first battery and an output of the second battery, and controlling charge and discharge operation of the second battery: and a control unit detecting the output voltage of the first battery and the output voltage of the second battery, and determining from which one of the first battery and the second battery power should be supplied to the load based on detection results by the control unit and the bidirectional DC/DC converter.

A control system is provided for controlling multiple power sources of a power system. The control system calculates real and reactive power set points for each of the power sources utilizing: (1) a feedforward power compensation function that provides optimized site level set points; (2) a real power set point derivation scheme in which the real power set points are selected based on the energy capacity of the energy storage devices; (3) a state of charge (SOC) balancing scheme that substantially balances the state of charge of the energy storage devices; (4) a remainder function to account for real-time limits imposed by the equipment; and/or (5) a reactive power set point derivation scheme in which the reactive power set points are selected to minimize the total apparent power across the power sources.

A cell balancing method includes: setting predicted standing time, based on a statistic value of standing time collected over a predetermined period of time; estimating a capacity retention rate of each of cells of a lithium-ion battery at a next start-up after a lapse of the predicted standing time; on the condition that a difference in the estimated capacity retention rate between a maximum value and a minimum value becomes greater than a predetermined value, setting state-of-charge adjustment values for one or both of a cell having the maximum value and a cell having the minimum value; and allowing, during the stoppage of the electric vehicle, a state-of-charge adjustment device to adjust the states of charge of one or both of the cell having the maximum value and the cell having the minimum value to the state-of-charge adjustment values.

Discussed is a battery control apparatus that may include an information obtaining unit configured to obtain information about a mobility, information about a first battery configured to supply power to a module included in the mobility, and information about a second battery provided in the module and configured to supply power to the module as an auxiliary power source for the first battery based on an operation of the mobility and a controller configured to generate a control signal for controlling an operation of the first battery and an operation of the second battery based on the information about the mobility, the information about the first battery, and the information about the second battery.

Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.

An integrated circuit with a hot-plug protection circuit includes input pins and an output pin. The input pins are electrically coupled to a common node in the hot-plug protection circuit via respective electrical connections. The integrated circuit includes clamping circuitry coupled between the common node and the output pin, the clamping circuitry activatable as a result of a voltage spike applied across the clamping circuitry. The plurality of electrical connections and the clamping circuitry provide respective current discharge paths between the input pins in the input pins and the output pin, the respective current discharge paths configured to become conductive as a result of a voltage spike applied to any of the input pins in the plurality of input pins being transferred to the common node via the respective electrical connection in the plurality of electrical connections electrically coupling said any of said input pins to the common node.

An electric storage apparatus according to one aspect of an embodiment includes a battery unit, a determination unit, a virtual processing unit, and a connection controlling unit. The battery unit includes storage batteries to be connected in parallel. The determination unit determines, when the battery unit is started up, a startup type indicating a discharge start or a charge start. The virtual processing unit generates connection orders. Each of the connection orders is obtained by virtually and sequentially connecting in parallel storage batteries, of the storage batteries, having potential differences within a predetermined range so as to equalize electric potentials of the storage batteries. The connection controlling unit selects, among from the connection orders, a connection order in which the equalized electric potential is an electric potential according to the startup type determined by the determination unit, so as to connect in parallel the storage batteries.

The present invention concerns a method for determining a cell current limit (Lim I C) of a traction battery (1) and an onboard network powered by the traction battery in a motor vehicle with, respectively, a cell voltage limiter and an onboard network voltage limiter with an integral control loop calculating a respective integral current term. The integral control loops of the two voltage limiters are interdependent, the integral current terms (LimInt C(n)) of the cell voltage limiter being transmitted to the integral control loop of the network voltage limiter and the integral terms of the network voltage limiter (LimInt RB(n1)) being transmitted to the integral control loop of the cell voltage limiter in order to determine a battery current limit (Lim I C) common to the two limiters.

The present invention generally relates to the field of uninterruptable power supplies (UPSs) and more specifically, to UPSs using supercapacitors (also may be referred to as ultracapacitors) and/or other capacitor and/or battery elements. In an embodiment, a UPS of the present invention can individually regulate the charging of its capacitive elements to avoid overcharging and/or achieve a more efficient charge state.

A system and apparatus for autonomous charge balancing of an energy storage device of the microgrid. In one embodiment the apparatus comprises the energy storage device; and a power conditioner, coupled to the energy storage device, comprising a droop control module for operating the power conditioner, during an autonomous mode of operation, such that the state of charge of the energy storage device is autonomously driven toward the state of charge of at least one other energy storage device of the microgrid.