An electrical power system has a dual battery configuration that enables sufficient power supply for a spacecraft bus and a payload module being carried by the spacecraft. During a sunlight power mode, power is drawn from a solar array of the bus to power a low-discharge payload of the spacecraft and a high-discharge payload of a payload module. During the sunlight power mode, a low rate discharge battery and a high rate discharge battery are charged by a battery charge management unit of the spacecraft bus. During an eclipse power mode, the low rate discharge battery powers the low-discharge payload of the spacecraft and the high rate discharge battery powers the high-discharge payload of the payload module. The high-rate discharge battery may also be used to power the high-rate discharge payload in the sunlight power mode to meet its high current demands to meet a flexible mission operations.

A battery management system and a battery management method are provided. The battery management system includes a temperature sampling circuit, a plurality of voltage measurement circuits, a current sampling circuit, and a microcontroller. The temperature sampling circuit is configured to obtain a temperature parameter of a plurality of battery packs. The voltage measurement circuits are configured to obtain a plurality of open circuit voltage parameters of the battery packs. The current sampling circuit is configured to obtain a current parameter of the battery packs. The microcontroller obtains a plurality of initial state-of-charge parameters of the battery packs according to the open circuit voltage parameters and the temperature parameter and respectively calculates a plurality of present battery powers of the battery packs according to the initial state-of-charge parameters, the temperature parameter, and the current parameter.

A battery management system includes a set of N battery modules coupled together in series, a set of N battery monitors, and a controller. Each battery monitor in the set of N battery monitors is coupled to a respective battery module in the set of N battery modules and measures a battery parameter of the respective battery module. The controller determines a preprogrammed delay for each battery monitor and provides the respective preprogrammed delay to each battery monitory. The controller transmits a synchronization command to the set of N battery monitors, which wait the respective preprogrammed delays in response to receiving the synchronization command before stopping updates to values of the respective battery parameters. The controller transmits a read command to the set of N battery monitors, which transmit read responses to the controller comprising values of the battery parameters.

A charge/discharge control circuit includes: an output terminal from which a cell-balance control signal is sent to each of the first and the second cell balance circuits; the first and the second voltage detection circuits; a control circuit configured to send the first and the second control signals in accordance with a detection signal received from at least one of the first and the second voltage detection circuits; and an output circuit configured to select one of a voltage of a power supply terminal, a voltage of an input terminal connected to each of a negative electrode of a first battery and a positive electrode of a second battery, and a voltage of a ground terminal in accordance with the first and second control signals, and send the selected voltage to the output terminal.

Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.

A battery monitoring device includes: an oscillator causing an AC signal to flow in the battery cell; a subtractor acquiring voltage fluctuation of the battery cell when the AC signal flows as a response signal; and a calculation unit calculating complex impedance. The calculation unit calculates the complex impedance based on a multiplication value X of the response signal and a first reference signal outputted in synchronization with the AC signal, and a multiplication value Y of the response signal and the second reference signal obtained by shifting the phase of the AC signal. The AC signal is a rectangular wave signal, the first reference signal is a rectangular wave signal outputted in synchronization with the AC signal, and the second reference signal is a rectangular wave signal, the phase of which is shifted so as not to be outputted overlapping with the first reference signal.

A system and method for battery charge/discharge equalization, the method including performing, for each battery module of M battery modules of a battery component, determining, by a control unit of the respective battery module, a reference value of a power parameter, wherein M is a positive integer greater than 1, where each battery module of the M battery modules includes the control unit, a direct current-direct current (DCDC) converter, and an energy storage unit, wherein the control unit is electrically connected to the DCDC converter, and the DCDC converter of each battery module is electrically connected to a load or a power supply, and where the reference value is associated with equalizing charging/discharging of the M battery modules, and controlling, by the control unit of the battery module using the DCDC converter, an value of the power parameter to be equal to the reference value.

A battery system may include at least one battery pack including a direct current to direct current (DC/DC) converter and at least one battery cell. A positive terminal and a negative terminal of the at least one battery cell may be electrically connected to a positive terminal and a negative terminal, respectively, associated with the DC/DC converter. The battery system may further include a high voltage bus bar electrically connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the at least one battery cell and a low voltage bus bar electrically connected to the DC/DC converter. The DC/DC converter may be configured to import power to the at least one battery cell from, or export the power to, the low voltage bus bar. The battery system may additionally include a communication bus bar electrically connected to the DC/DC converter.

A charging control method for a battery pack at least including two batteries connected in parallel. The method includes determining, based on a charging parameter, states of charge (SOCs) corresponding respectively to the batteries after a preset charging time, calculating, according to the SOCs, an amount of transferred charge between the batteries during the preset charging time, judging whether a charge-receiving battery is in a critical overcharge state according to the amount of transferred charge, and, in response to the charge-receiving battery being in the critical overcharge state, stopping charging the battery pack after the preset charging time.

An energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a plurality of cell arrays, each including a respective plurality of battery cells connected in parallel; and a plurality of switches coupled to the plurality of cell arrays, and configured to connect the plurality of cell arrays in series, wherein the plurality of switches are operable to connect the plurality of cell arrays in parallel.