A high-voltage hierarchy hundred-megawatt level (100 MW) battery energy storage system and optimizing and control methods are provided. The system includes a multi-phase structure, of which each phase is divided into multi-story spaces from top to bottom. A battery module is provided in each story of the multi-story spaces. The battery module is connected to a DC terminal of an H-bridge converter, and each phase is cascaded by the H-bridge converter. A capacity of the single-phase energy storage apparatus of the present invention is large, and multiple phases can be connected in parallel to form a 100 MW battery energy storage power station. The power station has the advantages of simple structure, easy coordinated control, low control loop model and coupling, and optimal system stability. The control system of the present invention has fewer hierarchies, a small information transmission delay, and a rapid response speed.

This disclosure provides a battery management process and system including a battery including one or more batteries, a powered battery charging system connected to each of the one or more batteries to provide charge or charge balancing power to the one or more batteries, one or more battery sensors configured to monitor each batteries, a battery monitoring unit comprising a processor and memory in communication with the one or more battery sensors, the battery monitoring unit configured to initiate and conduct a charging or balancing process and monitor the battery for an out of tolerance condition, wherein if during charging or balancing an out of tolerance condition occurs in one or more batteries the battery monitoring unit interrupts the charging or balancing, process of the batteries by disconnecting the batteries with the out of tolerance condition from the charging system, the battery monitoring unit provides an alert to an operator to separately interrupt the charging or balancing process to the batteries with the out of tolerance condition via a separate operator controlled switch, and the battery monitoring unit interrupts power to the battery charging system providing power to the batteries with the out of tolerance condition.

Systems and methods are described for managing charging and discharging of battery packs. In one or more aspects, a system and method are provided to minimize overcharging of battery cells of specific battery chemistries while still enabling fast charging cycles. In other aspects, a buck converter may be used to reduce a voltage of power used to charge the cells. In further aspects, a fast overcurrent protection circuit is described to address situations involving internal short circuits of a battery cell or battery pack. In yet further aspects, a bypass circuit is provided in series-connected battery packs to improve the charging of undercharged battery packs while also increasing the efficiency of the overall charging process. In other aspects, a circuit is provided that permits a controller to determine a configuration of battery packs. In yet further aspects, a system may determine a discharge current for a collection of battery packs based on each battery pack's state of health (SOH) and forward that determination to an external device.

A power management system for a vehicle includes a first battery monitoring module configured to monitor a first state of charge (SOC) of a first battery of the vehicle. The first battery has a first nominal voltage. A second battery monitoring module is configured to monitor a second SOC of a second battery of the vehicle. The second battery has a second nominal voltage that is greater than the first nominal voltage. A control module is configured to selectively apply power to a heater of the second battery based on an estimated value of the second SOC of the second battery at a next startup of an engine.

Electrical energy store (1) having at least two electrical energy storage modules (3, 13, 23, 33), a control unit (2), a voltage connection (11) and switching elements (4, 6, 14, 16, 24, 26, 34, 36). In one example, the electrical energy store (1) has a first voltage rail (9) and a second voltage rail (10) that are each connected to the voltage connection (11), and the electrical energy storage modules (3, 13, 23, 33) are configured to be connected to the first voltage rail (9) or to the second voltage rail (10) or to one another by means of the switching elements (4, 6, 14, 16, 24, 26, 34, 36).

A power distribution system for an electric aircraft includes a first electric propulsion unit comprising at least two power stages; a first battery pack electrically connected to a first power stage of the at least two power stages; a second battery pack electrically connected to a second power stage of the at least two power stages; and a control system configured to control the first battery pack, the second battery pack, the first power stage, and the second power stage to transfer power from the first battery pack to the second battery pack through the first power stage and the second power stage.

Systems and methods are described for managing charging and discharging of battery packs. In one or more aspects, a system and method are provided to minimize overcharging of battery cells of specific battery chemistries while still enabling fast charging cycles. In other aspects, a buck converter may be used to reduce a voltage of power used to charge the cells. In further aspects, a fast overcurrent protection circuit is described to address situations involving internal short circuits of a battery cell or battery pack. In yet further aspects, a bypass circuit is provided in series-connected battery packs to improve the charging of undercharged battery packs while also increasing the efficiency of the overall charging process. In other aspects, a circuit is provided that permits a controller to determine a configuration of battery packs. In yet further aspects, a system may determine a discharge current for a collection of battery packs based on each battery pack's state of health (SOH) and forward that determination to an external device.

A method for controlling a current being fed to a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells connected in series and providing an output battery voltage includes the steps of: feeding a relatively low current through a resistor being arranged in series with the battery pack; and measuring the voltage across the resistor, thereby obtaining a value of the current. A system for controlling a current being fed to a battery pack is also provided.

A charge/discharge control apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention is an apparatus that controls charge or discharge of a secondary battery to be charged or discharged on the basis of at least one condition of use calculated from a deterioration model or a deterioration map of a secondary battery and at least one inner state parameter of the secondary battery to be charged or discharged. The charge/discharge control apparatus updates the condition of use on the basis of change of the inner state parameter.

A battery pack includes a power supply conduction member to be electrically connected to a power supply, a power supply terminal connected to the power supply conduction member, a load conduction member to be connected to an electrical load, a load terminal connected to the load conduction member, a wiring pattern connecting the power supply terminal and the load terminal, and a switch provided in the wiring pattern. The power supply conduction member includes a plurality of power supply connection terminals that are mechanically and electrically connected to a plurality of power supply terminals, respectively, and the load conduction member includes a plurality of load connection terminals that are mechanically and electrically connected to a plurality of load terminals, respectively.