A battery management circuit and method for managing a power supply and one or more battery strings includes a current sensing circuit and a battery measurement circuit. The current sensing circuit is configured to: receive a current signal from at least one of the battery strings at a first terminal of the current sensing circuit; measure a magnitude of the current signal; and provide a current sensing signal indicative of the magnitude of the current signal at a third terminal of the current sensing circuit. The battery measurement circuit is configured to: receive a current sensing signal at a third terminal of the battery management circuit; measure one or more characteristics of the at least one of the battery strings; and provide a power supply control signal at a first terminal of the battery measurement circuit.

A battery management system may include a plurality of balancing resistors respectively forming balancing discharging paths of cells connected in series to each other, a plurality of balancing switches respectively connected between the cells and the balancing resistors, and configured to control cell-balancing of each of the cells, a voltage-detecting circuit for detecting respective cell voltages of the cells, and a battery controller for acquiring respective balancing capacities of the cells based on the cell voltages, for obtaining duty cycles of the balancing switches according to the balancing capacities, and for scaling the duty cycles of the balancing switches according to a sum of duty cycles of two adjacent cells from among the cells.

A battery management system may include a plurality of balancing resistors respectively forming balancing discharging paths of cells connected in series to each other, a plurality of balancing switches respectively connected between the cells and the balancing resistors, and configured to control cell-balancing of each of the cells, a voltage-detecting circuit for detecting respective cell voltages of the cells, and a battery controller for acquiring respective balancing capacities of the cells based on the cell voltages, for obtaining duty cycles of the balancing switches according to the balancing capacities, and for scaling the duty cycles of the balancing switches according to a sum of duty cycles of two adjacent cells from among the cells.

Provided is a battery pack. The battery pack includes a battery cell, a circuit unit, a lock member, and a lead member, the lock member and the lead member being assembled with each other to form a signal transfer path between the battery cell and the circuit unit, wherein the lock member includes a stopper protruding upward in an up-down direction that is different from an assembling direction of the lead member, and a groove portion depressed downward, the stopper and the groove portion provided at different locations from each other along the assembling direction of the lead member, and the lead member includes an end portion contacting the stopper and a pressing portion contacting the groove portion. According to the present disclosure, the battery pack is capable of reducing electrical resistance between a plurality of battery cells and a circuit unit by improving a component assembling structure for forming an electrical path between the plurality of battery cells and the circuit unit, and forming uniform resistance with respect to a plurality of electrical paths and reducing a measuring error by preventing components from floating.

Provided are battery management apparatuses and methods. The battery management apparatus includes a converter configured to acquire and convert information of a battery cell, an antenna configured to transmit the converted information to an adjacent battery cell and to receive converted information of the adjacent battery cell, in response to a command of a controller, and a coil configured to wirelessly charge or discharge the adjacent battery cell, in response to another command of the controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the wireless charging or the wireless discharging based on information of the adjacent battery cell.

A method for operating a battery module, including multiple battery cells. The method includes: a) ascertaining cell voltages of the individual battery cells at a starting point in time; b) ascertaining at the starting point in time an average cell voltage from the cell voltages of the battery cells ascertained at the starting point in time; c) estimating the cell voltage of at least one battery cell at an operating point in time if the cell voltage of the battery cell is not measurable at the operating point in time, taking into account the cell voltage of the battery cell ascertained at the starting point in time, the average cell voltage ascertained at the starting point in time, and an average cell voltage ascertained at the operating point in time.

An electrical power control apparatus controls electrical power supply from an electrical power source unit and a battery unit to a target of supply. The electrical power control apparatus includes a supply control circuit. The supply control circuit supplies electrical power of the battery unit in preference to electrical power of the electric power source unit to the target of supply when an amount of charge of the battery unit is equal to or higher than a threshold.

In a management device that manages a power storage module, a voltage measuring unit measures n pieces of voltages across respective n power storage blocks. A ranking unit assigns ranks to the voltages measured across the n power storage blocks in descending order from high to low or in ascending order from low to high. A frequency distribution data generator compiles ranks assigned to voltages measured across the respective n power storage blocks during a set period and generates data about frequency distribution of the ranks for the measured voltages. An abnormality determiner detects an abnormality when information about the ranks differs from information about ranks for the power storage blocks in a normal state.

An energy storage system stores potential energy and providing a regulated output of electrical energy for powering an electrical load. The system includes an array of storage capacitors including a plurality of storage capacitors coupled in series. A balance control device balances the voltage on each of the storage capacitors in the array. An input control device manages the input for charging the storage capacitor array. An output power supply has an input coupled to the storage capacitor array and provides regulated power to an electrical load. A power monitor device electrically decouples the storage capacitor array from the electrical load when the total voltage of the storage capacitor array falls below a preset minimum level.

A power supply system including a low-voltage system and a high-voltage system having the high-voltage battery, that can provide an energy-efficient system of equalization of the high-voltage battery, is provided. The power supply system includes the high-voltage system having the high-voltage battery constituted of a plurality of battery cells, the low-voltage system, an insulation transmission part configured to transmit, in an insulated fashion, energy from each of the battery cells to the low-voltage system individually, and an equalization and transmission processing part configured to measure voltage of each of the battery cells, set a target battery cell to be processed for equalization, and control operation of the insulation transmission part and thereby transmit energy of the target battery cell to the low-voltage system.