An electrical combination. The electrical combination comprises a battery pack configured to be interfaced with a hand held power tool, a control component, and a semiconducting switch. The transfer of power from the battery pack to the hand held power tool is controlled by the control component and the switch based on one of a battery pack state of charge and a respective state of charge of one of a plurality of battery cells. A discharge current of the battery pack is regulated based on the switch being controlled into one of a first state and a second state by the control component to selectively enable the transfer power from the plurality of battery cells to the hand held power tool.

A protection circuit module and an aerosol-generating device including the same are disclosed. The aerosol-generating device of the disclosure includes a heater for heating an aerosol-generating substance, a first circuit board on which a controller for controlling operation of the heater is mounted, a battery for supplying electric power to the heater under the control of the controller, and a protection circuit module electrically connected to the battery to control at least one function of the battery. The protection circuit module includes a package module including an integrated circuit, including multiple active elements and passive elements to protect the battery, in an inner sealed space therein, the package module being in contact with the battery, a connector coupled to the first circuit board, and a second circuit board, on which the connector and the package module are mounted and which electrically interconnects the connector and the package module.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for managing a temperature of a battery energy storage system (“BESS”). A method may comprise identifying operating temperature limitations of the BESS; obtaining a forecast horizon comprising a forecast of external environmental conditions for a time period; identifying a charging/discharging schedule of the BESS; simulating operation of the BESS for the time period for each of a plurality of sequences of thermal management modes according to the charging/discharging schedule and the forecast horizon, the simulating generating an energy consumption and an operating temperature forecast of for each of the plurality of sequences of thermal management modes; selecting a sequence of thermal management modes of the plurality of sequences; and operating the equipment according to the selected sequence of thermal management modes.

An electrical power generation system for use with an electrical power generator can include a battery bank adapted to be charged by electrical power generated by the electrical power generator, and a nitrogen extraction system adapted to be powered by the electrical power generated by the electrical power generator. An electrical power generation method for use with an electrical power generator can include storing electrical power generated by the electrical power generator in a battery bank located at a battery bank site, extracting nitrogen at the battery bank site, and liquifying the nitrogen at the battery bank site.

A wireless power transmitter configured to transfer power to a wireless power receiver, including a coil assembly comprising first and second bottom coils placed adjacent to each other in a line and each consisting of a single layer of 11 turns and a top coil stacked on the first and second bottom coils and consisting of a single layer of 12 turns; and a full-bridge inverter. The first and second bottom coils and the top coil have a substantially rectangular frame structure with a through hole in the center, wherein the top coil lies on a plane surface in the middle between the first and second bottom coils, a distance from the center of the first and second bottom coils to the center of the top coil is set to a range of 21 mm to 25 mm, the first and second bottom coils have a height of 48 mm to 50 mm and a width of 43 mm to 45 mm, and the through hole in the first and second bottom coils has a height of 25 mm to 27 mm and a width of 21 mm to 23 mm, the top coil has a height of 45 mm to 47 mm and a width of 48.5 mm to 50.5 mm, and the through hole in the top coil has a height of 20 mm to 22 mm and a width of 24.5 mm to 26.5 mm, the first and second bottom coils and the top coil have a thickness of 0.9 mm to 1.3 mm, the wireless power transmitter uses an input voltage of the full-bridge inverter to control an amount of power which is transferred, the input voltage has a range of 1 V to 18 V, wherein an operating frequency to control the amount of the power is within a range of 140 kHz to 150 kHz, and the first and second bottom coils and the top coil have a inductance value within a range of 10.6 μH to 12.0 μH.

An apparatus for detecting a defect of a battery pack may disconnect a battery cell at which a defect is detected inside a battery pack to remove a risk factor that may occur from the corresponding battery cell. Risk factors that may cause explosions can be eliminated by discharging the battery cell at which a defect is detected. In addition, the recurrence of the risk factor can be prevented in advance by disconnecting the battery cell at which the defect is detected from the battery pack.

A charger having a heat insulating structure is provided. The charger includes: a case having one side at which an opening is formed and the other side to which a terminal portion is coupled; a printed circuit board having a front surface and a rear surface on which electronic components are mounted, respectively, and inserted into the case through the opening of the case; a heat insulating member disposed inside the case and formed to cover the electronic components mounted on the rear surface of the printed circuit board to block heat generated from the electronic components of the printed circuit board from being transferred to an entire surface of the case; and a cover closing the opening of the case.

A wireless power transmitter includes a charging coil, an electronics housing, and a top side. The charging coil housing houses a charging coil and includes a top surface, wherein the charging coil wirelessly transmits power to a receiver placed on the top surface of the charging coil housing. The electronics housing houses one or more electronics and a fan. The top side is located adjacent to the electronics housing, wherein a top surface of the top side faces a bottom surface of the receiver. An intake cooling path is defined by a region between the bottom surface of the receiver and the top surface of the top side and an exhaust cooling path is located on a side of the charging coil housing opposite the intake cooling path and defined by a region between the receiver and the top surface of the top side.

A coil is electrically connected with an energy storage unit via circuitry. The coil wirelessly receives power from a cellular phone adjacent to the coil for transfer to the energy storage unit via the circuitry, and wirelessly receives data from the cellular phone. The coil may also wirelessly transfer power and data to the cellular phone.

Provided are a battery quick charging method, a charging apparatus, and a device to-be-charged. The battery quick charging method includes the following. State parameters of a battery of a device to-be-charged are acquired, where the state parameters of the battery include a present temperature of the battery. A charging cut-off voltage corresponding to the present temperature is selected from a target parameter mapping relationship, where the charging cut-off voltage is higher than a rated voltage of the battery. Constant-current charging is performed on the battery until a voltage of the battery reaches the charging cut-off voltage and then performing of the constant-current charging on the battery is stopped.