A system for charging a battery unit to power a work machine. The system includes a charger to charge the battery unit, charging receptacles, power supply connectors, and a charging controller. The power supply connectors are configured to be received into the charging receptacles to attain connections between the charger and the battery unit. The charging controller is communicably coupled to the charger and is configured to receive an input corresponding to a net charge capacity of the battery unit; determine a power to be supplied to the battery unit by the charger to charge the battery unit in response to the input; and supply the power to the battery unit from the charger through the connections. The power to be supplied to the battery unit corresponds to a maximum possible power that meets the net charge capacity of the battery unit in the shortest possible time.

Methods for implementing power delivery transactions between a buyer and a seller of electrical energy supplied to an electrical grid by an integrated renewable energy source (RES) and energy storage system (ESS) of a RES-ESS facility are provided. Estimated total potential output of the RES is compared to a point of grid interconnect (POGI) limit to identify potential RES overgeneration, and the buyer is charged if potential RES overgeneration is less than potential overgeneration during one or more retrospective time windows. The method provides a basis for the RES-ESS facility owner to be paid for an estimated amount of energy that did not get stored as a result of a grid operator not fully discharging an ESS prior to the start of a new day.

An apparatus and a method for an aerosol generating device is described, the apparatus including a control module and a charging controller. The charging controller is configured to control charging of a battery at a first charging rate in a first charging mode and to control charging of the battery at a second charging rate, lower than the first charging rate, in a second charging mode. The control module is configured to determine information relating to usage of the aerosol generating device. The charge controller is configured to operate in the first charging mode or the second charging mode depending, at least in part, on the information relating to the use of the aerosol generating device.

A battery management apparatus includes a charging unit configured to charge a battery cell, a measuring unit configured to measure voltage and current of the battery cell, and a control unit configured to receive battery information including the voltage and current from the measuring unit, estimate a SOC of the battery cell based on the received battery information, calculate an internal resistance of the battery cell based on the battery information whenever the SOC of the battery cell increases by a criterion amount, compare a change pattern of the calculated internal resistance with a preset criterion pattern, and set a negative electrode capacity for the battery cell based on the comparison result.

A deterioration estimation device (1) includes: a discharge control unit (11) configured to discharge a lead-acid battery (3) or a lead-acid battery module (4) that includes a plurality of lead-acid batteries until the lead-acid battery (3) or the lead-acid battery module (4) reaches a predetermined SOC; and a first estimation unit (11) configured to estimate a rate of deterioration of the lead-acid battery (3) or the lead-acid battery module (4) based on internal resistance or conductance derived when the lead-acid battery (3) or the lead-acid battery module (4) is discharged.

A power storage device (4) includes a power storage unit (1211) including a plurality of cells, and a BMU (1212) configured to control the power storage unit (1211). The BMU (1212) includes an upper limit power acquisition unit (23) configured to acquire, based on a SOC and a temperature of the power storage unit (1211), an upper limit power that is an upper limit of a power output from the power storage unit (1211) or a power input to the power storage unit (1211).

A power supply device includes a transformer, a first rectifier, a voltage conversion module, and a control unit. The first rectifier is connected to a primary winding of the transformer, converts a received alternating-current voltage to a first direct-current voltage. The transformer is configured to convert the first direct-current voltage to a second direct-current voltage. The voltage conversion module is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer and configured to convert the second direct-current voltage to output a third direct-current voltage. The control unit, connected to the voltage conversion module, controls the voltage conversion module to adjust an output voltage or an output current of the power supply device.

A power supply conversion circuit and a charging device are provided. The power supply conversion circuit includes: a first voltage conversion circuit that converts a voltage when the voltage exceeds a preset voltage range and outputs the converted voltage; a post-stage voltage conversion circuit that receives the converted voltage and converts the converted voltage into a target voltage for outputting; and a signal feedback circuit that feeds back a signal to the first voltage conversion circuit according to the target voltage, so that the first voltage conversion circuit is synchronized with the post-stage voltage conversion circuit.

A power supply circuit includes a rectifier circuit, configured to convert an alternating current inputted to the rectifier circuit into a direct current; a primary power supply conversion circuit having an input end connected with an output end of the rectifier circuit, configured to convert an input voltage of the primary power supply conversion circuit which is out of a preset voltage range into an output voltage of the primary power supply conversion circuit within the preset voltage range; and a secondary power supply conversion circuit having an input end connected with an output end of the primary power supply conversion circuit, configured to convert a direct current voltage outputted by the primary power supply conversion circuit into a target direct current voltage. A lower limit of the preset voltage range is greater than a minimum working voltage of the secondary power supply conversion circuit.

Provided by the present disclosure are a power supply circuit and a charging device. The power supply circuit comprises a pulse transformer circuit and a first power supply conversion circuit. The pulse transformer circuit comprises a pulse transformer and a switch control circuit; a primary winding of the pulse transformer is connected to a power supply and is connected to the switch control circuit, and the switch control circuit is used to modulate the voltage on the primary winding into a pulse voltage; and the input terminal of the first power supply conversion circuit is connected to a secondary winding of the pulse transformer, and is used to transform the voltage on the secondary winding of the pulse transformer into a first preset voltage range when the voltage outputted by the secondary winding exceeds the first preset voltage range, and then output the voltage.