An input circuit includes an input line for providing input regarding state of a supply at a first node. An impedance is connected to the input line at a second node for connecting the input line to ground. A Zener diode can be connected in the input line in series between the first and second nodes to impede current flowing through the Zener diode below the Zener voltage thereof in a direction from the first node to the second node, and to allow current above the Zener voltage thereof in the direction from the first node to the second node, wherein the input line is free of any node connecting a power voltage source to the input line between the first and second nodes.

An input circuit includes an input line for providing input regarding state of a supply at a first node. An impedance is connected to the input line at a second node for connecting the input line to ground. A Zener diode can be connected in the input line in series between the first and second nodes to impede current flowing through the Zener diode below the Zener voltage thereof in a direction from the first node to the second node, and to allow current above the Zener voltage thereof in the direction from the first node to the second node, wherein the input line is free of any node connecting a power voltage source to the input line between the first and second nodes.

A method for forming an article is presented. The method includes providing one or more ceramic insulators having one or more recesses, providing a plurality of conductors within the one or more recesses of the one or more ceramic insulators, and joining a first conductor of the plurality of conductors to a second conductor of the plurality of conductors.

A method for forming an article is presented. The method includes providing one or more ceramic insulators having one or more recesses, providing a plurality of conductors within the one or more recesses of the one or more ceramic insulators, and joining a first conductor of the plurality of conductors to a second conductor of the plurality of conductors.

A moving member of a machine can include a cold plate that serves as a primary structural member for the moving member. The cold plate can have one or more cooling channels formed within the cold plate. A plurality of armature windings can be fixed to the cold plate. One or more field windings can be fixed to the cold plate. A plurality of ferromagnetic cores can be fixed to the cold plate, each ferromagnetic core positioned within a loop of at least one of the plurality of armature windings. Other embodiments are described.

A moving member of a machine can include a cold plate that serves as a primary structural member for the moving member. The cold plate can have one or more cooling channels formed within the cold plate. A plurality of armature windings can be fixed to the cold plate. One or more field windings can be fixed to the cold plate. A plurality of ferromagnetic cores can be fixed to the cold plate, each ferromagnetic core positioned within a loop of at least one of the plurality of armature windings. Other embodiments are described.

Disclosed is a yoke-less mover of a homopolar linear synchronous machine. The yoke-less mover may include a cold plate having slots. Ferromagnetic cores are fixed to the cold plate. Each of the ferromagnetic cores may protrude through a respective one of the slots, creating gaps between the ferromagnetic cores. Armature windings are fixed to the cold plate. The armature windings may occupy the gaps between the ferromagnetic cores. The ferromagnetic cores of the yoke-less mover have better ferromagnetic utilization and lower weight. It also enables more flexible topologies in the armature windings.

Winding wire articles may include a conductor formed into a predefined shape having at least one bend. Additionally, a plurality of cavities may be formed within the conductor. Insulation may also be formed around the conductor.

Winding wire articles may include a conductor formed into a predefined shape having at least one bend. Additionally, a plurality of cavities may be formed within the conductor. Insulation may also be formed around the conductor.

An electric machine including a stator and a rotor configured to be driven in rotation in relation to one another, the rotor including a plurality of permanent magnets, the stator further including a magnetic circuit including poles extending toward the rotor, the machine including windings of conducting elements around each pole and at least one heat sink arranged inside a conducting element and/or between the conducting elements, the heat sink comprising a phase change material.