An actuator capable of realizing a high output with a compact size is proposed. An actuator provided with a motor including a cylindrical rotor, and a reducer including an input shaft coaxial with a rotational shaft of the motor and nested in the rotor. The reducer has a cylindrical shape, the reducer further includes an output shaft coaxial with the rotational shaft of the motor, the motor further includes a stator, and the actuator is further provided with a casing which supports the reducer and the stator.

A human power conversion system incorporates two or more electric machines to aid in the powering of a vehicle through energy conversion. A first electric machine is coupled with the human powered input and acts as a generator when a human power input is not sufficient to produce electrical power that is provided to a second electric machine that propels the vehicle. The vehicle may be a bicycle and the first electric machine may be coupled to the crank. A bi-coupled electric machine including the first and second electric machines with a common rotor or stator may be employed and coupled to the crank and/or the driven wheel. Power produced by the first electric machine may be provided directly to the second machine or may be stored in a battery and used to propel the vehicle or power other electronic components.

A human power conversion system incorporates two or more electric machines to aid in the powering of a vehicle through energy conversion. A first electric machine is coupled with the human powered input and acts as a generator when a human power input is not sufficient to produce electrical power that is provided to a second electric machine that propels the vehicle. The vehicle may be a bicycle and the first electric machine may be coupled to the crank. A bi-coupled electric machine including the first and second electric machines with a common rotor or stator may be employed and coupled to the crank and/or the driven wheel. Power produced by the first electric machine may be provided directly to the second machine or may be stored in a battery and used to propel the vehicle or power other electronic components.

A compact height torque sensing articulation axis assembly is disclosed herein having a torque sensor, an assembly mounting flange, a motor, a motor gearbox, a gearbox output shaft, an encoder, and a cable. The assembly may sense tension on robotic catheter pullwires in an articulating catheter and/or torque on a robotic output axis using the torque sensor. Disclosed embodiments may advantageously be used to achieve small, lightweight robotic catheter systems.

A compact height torque sensing articulation axis assembly is disclosed herein having a torque sensor, an assembly mounting flange, a motor, a motor gearbox, a gearbox output shaft, an encoder, and a cable. The assembly may sense tension on robotic catheter pullwires in an articulating catheter and/or torque on a robotic output axis using the torque sensor. Disclosed embodiments may advantageously be used to achieve small, lightweight robotic catheter systems.

A force application device for an aircraft control stick in provided. The device includes a mechanical joint, a force motor, a rheological brake, and a control device. The mechanical joint receives a lever of an aircraft pilot stick and is rotatably movable. The force motor includes a motor shaft extending along a third axis, the rotation of the motor shaft being linked to the rotation of the mechanical joint. The force motor exerts a resistive torque on the motor shaft. The rheological brake includes two facing parts, and has a volume delimited by the two facing parts, the volume being adapted to contain a rheological material. One of the parts is arranged on the motor shaft and rotatably movable about the third axis relative to the other of the parts. The control device applies an electromagnetic field within the volume so as to vary shear strength of the rheological material.

A force application device for an aircraft control stick in provided. The device includes a mechanical joint, a force motor, a rheological brake, and a control device. The mechanical joint receives a lever of an aircraft pilot stick and is rotatably movable. The force motor includes a motor shaft extending along a third axis, the rotation of the motor shaft being linked to the rotation of the mechanical joint. The force motor exerts a resistive torque on the motor shaft. The rheological brake includes two facing parts, and has a volume delimited by the two facing parts, the volume being adapted to contain a rheological material. One of the parts is arranged on the motor shaft and rotatably movable about the third axis relative to the other of the parts. The control device applies an electromagnetic field within the volume so as to vary shear strength of the rheological material.

Systems and methods are described for controlling an electric motor. An exemplary system may include a torque detector configured to detect an output torque of the electric motor. The system may also include a controller configured to control a voltage source to apply a predetermined voltage to drive the electric motor and determine an operating table containing a plurality of operating points. The controller may select an operating current value and generate a plurality of current commands. The controller may also apply each of the plurality of current commands to drive the electric motor and determine an output torque generated by the electric motor. The controller may further determine a target current command that generates a maximum output torque. In addition, the controller may determine an operating point of the operating table based on the target current command. Moreover, the controller may control the electric motor using the operating table.

Systems and methods are described for controlling an electric motor. An exemplary system may include a torque detector configured to detect an output torque of the electric motor. The system may also include a controller configured to control a voltage source to apply a predetermined voltage to drive the electric motor and determine an operating table containing a plurality of operating points. The controller may select an operating current value and generate a plurality of current commands. The controller may also apply each of the plurality of current commands to drive the electric motor and determine an output torque generated by the electric motor. The controller may further determine a target current command that generates a maximum output torque. In addition, the controller may determine an operating point of the operating table based on the target current command. Moreover, the controller may control the electric motor using the operating table.

An embodiment relates to a sensing device comprising: a rotor; and a stator arranged on the outer side of the rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator holder and a stator ring arranged on the stator holder; the stator ring comprises a body, a plurality of teeth formed to protrude from the inner peripheral surface of the body, and a protrusion part formed to protrude from the outer peripheral surface of the body; and, when seen in the radial direction, the protrusion part is arranged between the teeth and comprises at least two protrusions arranged to be spaced from each other. Accordingly, the coupling force between the stator holder and the stator ring can be improved.