A tool driver for use in robotic surgery includes a base configured to couple to a distal end of a robotic arm, and a tool carriage slidingly engaged with the base and configured to receive a surgical tool. In one variation, the tool carriage may include a plurality of linear axis drives configured to actuate one or more articulated movements of the surgical tool. In another variation, the tool carriage may include a plurality of rotary axis drives configured to actuate one or more articulated movements of the surgical tool. Various sensors, such as a capacitive load cell for measuring axial load, a position sensor for measuring linear position of the guide based on the rotational positions of gears in a gear transmission, and/or a capacitive torque sensor based on differential capacitance, may be included in the tool driver.

A tool driver for use in robotic surgery includes a base configured to couple to a distal end of a robotic arm, and a tool carriage slidingly engaged with the base and configured to receive a surgical tool. In one variation, the tool carriage may include a plurality of linear axis drives configured to actuate one or more articulated movements of the surgical tool. In another variation, the tool carriage may include a plurality of rotary axis drives configured to actuate one or more articulated movements of the surgical tool. Various sensors, such as a capacitive load cell for measuring axial load, a position sensor for measuring linear position of the guide based on the rotational positions of gears in a gear transmission, and/or a capacitive torque sensor based on differential capacitance, may be included in the tool driver.

A spindle shaft device including a shaft, a first torque sensor, and a second torque sensor. The shaft extends along an axial direction and comprises a first side portion, a second side portion, and a central portion located between the first side portion and the second side portion. The central portion has a central torsional rigidity with respect to the axial direction. The first side portion has a first torsional rigidity with respect to the axial direction. The second side portion has a second torsional rigidity with respect to the axial direction. The first torsional rigidity is smaller than the central torsional rigidity. The second torsional rigidity is smaller than the central torsional rigidity. The first torque sensor is disposed on the first side portion. The second torque sensor is disposed on the second side portion.

A torque sensor is less likely to lower detection accuracy. A screwing machine includes a motor including a stator and a rotor rotatable about a rotation axis, a gear case, a planetary gear, an internal gear connected to the planetary gear, a torque sensor including a front plate coupled to the internal gear, a rear plate supported by the gear case, a hollow portion located between the front plate and the rear plate, and a strain gauge fixed to the hollow portion, a bearing located between the stator and the rear plate and supporting at least a part of the rotor, and a bearing box surrounding the bearing and supporting the bearing.

A torque sensor is less likely to lower detection accuracy. A screwing machine includes a motor including a stator and a rotor rotatable about a rotation axis, a gear case, a planetary gear, an internal gear connected to the planetary gear, a torque sensor including a front plate coupled to the internal gear, a rear plate supported by the gear case, a hollow portion located between the front plate and the rear plate, and a strain gauge fixed to the hollow portion, a bearing located between the stator and the rear plate and supporting at least a part of the rotor, and a bearing box surrounding the bearing and supporting the bearing.

An electronic apparatus includes a wiring board. The wiring board includes a wiring and a through-hole and is provided by dividing a multi-board providing board into the wiring board. The electronic apparatus further includes a circuit component having a surface mounting structure, mounted to the wiring board, and electrically connected to the wiring. A side wall of the wiring board has a cut portion that is provided when cutting and dividing the multi-board providing board. In the wiring board, the through-hole is formed adjacent to the cut portion without arranging the circuit component between the cut portion and the through-hole.

A method of calibrating a torque sensor for a motor with a controller includes determining a gain of the torque sensor, zeroing a torque reading of the torque sensor, accelerating the motor at a known rate, and determining an inertia of the motor in response to accelerating the motor. Zeroing the torque reading occurs when the motor is in an unloaded and unactivated condition and accelerating the motor occurs when the motor is in an unloaded condition.

A drive device includes a motor having two sets of winding wires, a controller coaxially disposed with the motor for controlling the motor, and a connector for connecting the controller to an external connector. The controller has a first system control unit for controlling power supplied to one set of winding wires and a second system control unit for controlling power supplied to the other set of winding wires. The connector has a first positive electrode terminal and a first negative electrode terminal for power supplied to the first system control unit, and a second positive electrode terminal and a second negative electrode terminal for power supplied to the second system control unit. A portion of a planar face of the first positive electrode terminal is positioned to overlap a portion of a planar face of the first negative electrode terminal, and a portion of a planar face of the second positive electrode terminal is positioned to overlap a portion of a planar face of the second negative electrode terminal.

An actuator capable of realizing a high output with a compact size is proposed. An actuator provided with a motor including a cylindrical rotor, and a reducer including an input shaft coaxial with a rotational shaft of the motor and involved in the rotor. The reducer has a cylindrical shape, the reducer further includes an output shaft coaxial with the rotational shaft of the motor, the motor further includes a stator, and the actuator is further provided with a casing which supports the reducer and the stator.

An actuator capable of realizing a high output with a compact size is proposed. An actuator provided with a motor including a cylindrical rotor, and a reducer including an input shaft coaxial with a rotational shaft of the motor and involved in the rotor. The reducer has a cylindrical shape, the reducer further includes an output shaft coaxial with the rotational shaft of the motor, the motor further includes a stator, and the actuator is further provided with a casing which supports the reducer and the stator.