A permanent magnet machine includes a rotor and an irregular polyhedron shaped magnet assembly. The rotor may define at least one magnet opening and may be configured to rotate within a circular opening defined by a stator. The irregular polyhedron shaped magnet assembly may be disposed in the magnet opening and may define a magnetization direction, wherein a height along the magnetization direction and perpendicular with a lamination plane of the rotor is greater at both ends than at a central portion disposed therebetween.

In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, an external unit used by being mounted on a bottom part of a motor body having at least two motor terminals has a holder, a PTC thermistor arranged on the holder, a first terminal connected to the PTC thermistor, a part of the first terminal exposed to an outside of the holder, and a second terminal electrically connected to the first terminal through the PTC thermistor and electrically connected to one of the motor terminals. The PTC thermistor is flat-plate shaped, and a surface of the PTC thermistor is directed toward a rotary shaft direction of the motor.

In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, an external unit used by being mounted on a bottom part of a motor body having at least two motor terminals has a holder, a PTC thermistor arranged on the holder, a first terminal connected to the PTC thermistor, a part of the first terminal exposed to an outside of the holder, and a second terminal electrically connected to the first terminal through the PTC thermistor and electrically connected to one of the motor terminals. The PTC thermistor is flat-plate shaped, and a surface of the PTC thermistor is directed toward a rotary shaft direction of the motor.

A throttle valve device includes a body, a valve, a motor, and a cover. The body defines a passage, a motor space, and a connecting portion that connects the motor space to the passage. The motor includes a motor yoke made of a magnetic material, a plurality of magnets that are arranged on an inner circumferential surface of the motor yoke. The plurality of magnets are magnetized in a state where the motor yoke is disposed in the motor space of the body. The plurality of magnets are arranged in a circumferential direction in the motor yoke with a space. The connecting portion is aligned with the space between the plurality of magnets in a radial direction of the motor yoke.

An asymmetrical, direct current excited brushed motor may include a motor shaft; a commutator with a number of lamellae arranged in the circumferential direction; an armature with a number of armature teeth and armature grooves, where anchor windings are arranged in the armature grooves to form coils; at least one brush pair for supplying the coils with power, including two brushes contacting the lamellae; and a number n of permanent magnets in the stator to form a magnetic field, where n is a multiple of 2 and n>2, and where the number of armature teeth is unequal to a multiple of n. A position angle between the brushes of a brush pair is equal to or less than 90 and unequal to a multiple of the position angle between two directly consecutive lamellae.

An asymmetrical, direct current excited brushed motor may include a motor shaft; a commutator with a number of lamellae arranged in the circumferential direction; an armature with a number of armature teeth and armature grooves, where anchor windings are arranged in the armature grooves to form coils; at least one brush pair for supplying the coils with power, including two brushes contacting the lamellae; and a number n of permanent magnets in the stator to form a magnetic field, where n is a multiple of 2 and n>2, and where the number of armature teeth is unequal to a multiple of n. A position angle between the brushes of a brush pair is equal to or less than 90 and unequal to a multiple of the position angle between two directly consecutive lamellae.

An electric motor includes a cylindrical rotor with a plurality of wires parallel to the cylindrical axis nested between two cylinders of magnets in a stator. The cylinders of magnets may be a solid magnet, a plurality of bar magnets, a plurality of coils generating magnetic fields or other magnets or generated magnetic fields. A nested electric motor includes a first electric motor additionally including a first shaft, which first electric motor nests within the hollow center of a second larger electric motor additionally including a second shaft. The first shaft is coaxial with the second shaft.

A motor including: a frame having an outer diameter of 10 millimeters or less and an inner surface; an annular magnet attached to the inner surface of the frame; a bracket provided at the frame; a columnar brush formed of carbon and having an outer peripheral surface; a commutator contacting the outer peripheral surface of the brush; and an elastic member supporting the brush at the bracket, in which a part of the elastic member is inside the brush.

A motor including: a frame having an outer diameter of 10 millimeters or less and an inner surface; an annular magnet attached to the inner surface of the frame; a bracket provided at the frame; a columnar brush formed of carbon and having an outer peripheral surface; a commutator contacting the outer peripheral surface of the brush; and an elastic member supporting the brush at the bracket, in which a part of the elastic member is inside the brush.

A collar is provided on the outer periphery of a rotor shaft and is integrated with a cylindrical member through apertures penetrating the outer wall of the rotor shaft.