A two-pole brush-commutated DC electric motor with a stator and a rotor with a hollow-cylindrical ironless winding having n coil segments and a commutator having n commutator segments. Each coil segment being electrically connected to two adjacent commutator segments. An axis of gravity intersects the rotor axis perpendicularly and passes through the center of gravity of a coil segment or a center line of the coil segment that passes through the center of gravity and the rotor axis spanning a coil plane that defines the angular position of the associated coil segment. Two brush contact surfaces of the commutator segments are electrically connected to this coil segment have a distance bisector intersecting the rotor axis perpendicularly. The distance bisector and the rotor axis span a commutator plane which defines the angular position of the associated commutator segments.

A two-pole brush-commutated DC electric motor with a stator and a rotor with a hollow-cylindrical ironless winding having n coil segments and a commutator having n commutator segments. Each coil segment being electrically connected to two adjacent commutator segments. An axis of gravity intersects the rotor axis perpendicularly and passes through the center of gravity of a coil segment or a center line of the coil segment that passes through the center of gravity and the rotor axis spanning a coil plane that defines the angular position of the associated coil segment. Two brush contact surfaces of the commutator segments are electrically connected to this coil segment have a distance bisector intersecting the rotor axis perpendicularly. The distance bisector and the rotor axis span a commutator plane which defines the angular position of the associated commutator segments.

A motor coil substrate includes a coil substrate including a flexible substrate and multiple coils formed on the flexible substrate such that the coils are extending from a first end toward a second end on the opposite side with respect to the first end. The flexible substrate includes inner peripheral and outer peripheral flexible substrates such that the coils include outer peripheral coils formed on the outer peripheral flexible substrate and inner peripheral coils formed on the inner peripheral flexible substrate, that a number of the outer peripheral coils and a number of the inner peripheral coils are L, that an m-th outer peripheral coil of the outer peripheral coils is positioned on a m-th inner peripheral coil of the inner peripheral coils, and that the m-th outer peripheral coil and the m-th inner peripheral coil are connected to each other in parallel, where L and m are natural numbers.

A motor coil substrate includes a coil substrate including a flexible substrate and multiple coils formed on the flexible substrate such that the coils are extending from a first end toward a second end on the opposite side with respect to the first end. The flexible substrate includes inner peripheral and outer peripheral flexible substrates such that the coils include outer peripheral coils formed on the outer peripheral flexible substrate and inner peripheral coils formed on the inner peripheral flexible substrate, that a number of the outer peripheral coils and a number of the inner peripheral coils are L, that an m-th outer peripheral coil of the outer peripheral coils is positioned on a m-th inner peripheral coil of the inner peripheral coils, and that the m-th outer peripheral coil and the m-th inner peripheral coil are connected to each other in parallel, where L and m are natural numbers.

When teeth (12) are allocated in a circumferential direction in sequence of a U phase, a V phase and a W phase, a forward wound coil wound on each of the phases is provided as a coil of the U phase, the V phase and the W phase, and a reverse wound coil wound on each of the phases is provided as the coil of a U phase, a V phase and a W phase, the coils are electrically connected between the neighboring segments in an order of the U phase, the W phase, the W phase, the V phase, the U phase, the U phase, the W phase, the V phase and the V phase, and the wire (14) drawn between the armature core (8) and the commutator (10) is drawn around the rotation shaft in the same direction.

When teeth (12) are allocated in a circumferential direction in sequence of a U phase, a V phase and a W phase, a forward wound coil wound on each of the phases is provided as a coil of the U phase, the V phase and the W phase, and a reverse wound coil wound on each of the phases is provided as the coil of a U phase, a V phase and a W phase, the coils are electrically connected between the neighboring segments in an order of the U phase, the W phase, the W phase, the V phase, the U phase, the U phase, the W phase, the V phase and the V phase, and the wire (14) drawn between the armature core (8) and the commutator (10) is drawn around the rotation shaft in the same direction.

A first line, which extends through a circumferential center of a tooth, and a second line, which extends through a circumferential center of an undercut between two segments adjacent to the tooth, intersect at an angle C. A third line, which extends through a magnetic-flux-free region of a magnet, and a fourth line, which extends through a circumferential center of a power supply brush, intersect at an angle D. The third line and a fifth line, which extends through a circumferential center of one of magnetic poles of the magnet, intersect at an angle E. A reference line of a stator and a sixth line, which extends through a reference point of a brush holder, intersect at an angle F. A shift angle S, which is obtained by C+DE+F, is set such that a phase difference between an armature torque and a cogging torque is 18080.

An armature manufacturing method includes preparing a core member that includes a rotation shaft at a central portion and that is formed with plural teeth in a radiating shape centered on the rotation shaft; and winding winding wires onto slots between the plural teeth so as to form plural types of winding coil sections, each with a different winding wire diameter.

An armature manufacturing method includes preparing a core member that includes a rotation shaft at a central portion and that is formed with plural teeth in a radiating shape centered on the rotation shaft; and winding winding wires onto slots between the plural teeth so as to form plural types of winding coil sections, each with a different winding wire diameter.

Disclosed are various embodiments for an improved generator/motor and a method of generating current, the method comprising providing a circular rotation path, generating a concentrated magnetic field around a portion of the circular rotation path; rotating a coil along the circular path and through the concentrated magnetic field; generating current within the coil as a result of the rotating, and extracting the current from the coil.