An electromagnetic actuator for generating force is provided. The electromagnetic actuator includes a ferromagnetic body extending along a longitudinal axis, the ferromagnetic body comprising: a back-iron portion; and a pair of pole portions, extending from the back-iron portion, the back-iron portion connecting the pair of pole portions. The electromagnetic actuator further includes one or more magnetic-flux changing components at the pole portions, a respective magnetic-flux changing component located at a respective pole face, the respective magnetic-flux changing component configured to change magnetic flux density at a respective track-facing surface relative to the respective pole face. The electromagnetic actuator further includes electrical windings around the pole portions.

Replaceable windings (101) for an electromagnetic machine (100) are provided. A replaceable winding (101) comprises a body (107) having a longitudinal axis (105), the body (107) comprising opposing surfaces along the longitudinal axis (105). The replaceable winding (101) further comprises an aperture (119) through the body (107), between the opposing surfaces, the aperture (119) having generally parallel internal sides about perpendicular to the opposing surfaces of the body (107), the aperture (119) configured to removably received a pole portion (109) of the electromagnetic machine (100). The replaceable winding (101) further comprises electrical conductors wound about the aperture (119) in the body (107). The replaceable winding (101) further comprises electrical connectors (123) at one or more external sides of the body (107), the electrical connectors (123) connected to the electrical conductors.

A conveyor system includes multiple carts that move along a track, along with a plurality of induction motors located along the track to propel the cart. Each cart includes a flipper, and each linear induction motor includes a first linear stator extending along a longitudinal axis of the motor and a second linear stator extending parallel to the first linear stator and positioned a distance away from the first linear stator. As the flipper of the cart passes between the first linear stator and the second linear stator, the cart is propelled along the track.

A conveyor system includes multiple carts that move along a track, along with a plurality of induction motors located along the track to propel the cart. Each cart includes a flipper, and each linear induction motor includes a first linear stator extending along a longitudinal axis of the motor and a second linear stator extending parallel to the first linear stator and positioned a distance away from the first linear stator. As the flipper of the cart passes between the first linear stator and the second linear stator, the cart is propelled along the track.

A motion control system for an independent cart system provides for a minimum spacing between movers that is less than the width of a coil used to control motion of the movers. Blocks are statically or dynamically defined along the length of each track segment, where the width of a block is less than the width of a coil along the same track segment. Dividing the width of each coil into smaller block widths provides for an improved resolution of control for each mover. The blocks may also establish collision prevention between movers without requiring knowledge of the position of adjacent movers. Each block is assigned to a single mover at a time, but multiple blocks may be assigned to a single mover. A mover is permitted to only move within those blocks assigned to it and cannot have blocks assigned to it that are already assigned to another mover.

A motion control system for an independent cart system provides for a minimum spacing between movers that is less than the width of a coil used to control motion of the movers. Blocks are statically or dynamically defined along the length of each track segment, where the width of a block is less than the width of a coil along the same track segment. Dividing the width of each coil into smaller block widths provides for an improved resolution of control for each mover. The blocks may also establish collision prevention between movers without requiring knowledge of the position of adjacent movers. Each block is assigned to a single mover at a time, but multiple blocks may be assigned to a single mover. A mover is permitted to only move within those blocks assigned to it and cannot have blocks assigned to it that are already assigned to another mover.

A resin multilayer substrate includes a stacked body including resin layers, and a coil including coil conductor patterns provided on two or more resin layers. The coil conductor patterns include a coil conductor pattern including a parallel conductor portion. The parallel conductor portion includes linear conductor patterns connected in parallel that are parallel to each other, and is provided at least at a portion of an outermost peripheral portion of the coil conductor pattern. A total line width of the linear conductor patterns of the parallel conductor portion is larger than a line width of other portions of the coil conductor pattern.

A resin multilayer substrate includes a stacked body including resin layers, and a coil including coil conductor patterns provided on two or more resin layers. The coil conductor patterns include a coil conductor pattern including a parallel conductor portion. The parallel conductor portion includes linear conductor patterns connected in parallel that are parallel to each other, and is provided at least at a portion of an outermost peripheral portion of the coil conductor pattern. A total line width of the linear conductor patterns of the parallel conductor portion is larger than a line width of other portions of the coil conductor pattern.

An electromagnetic propulsion system comprises a plurality of stator coils wound about a first axis, a plurality of support structures, a coupler that surrounds a portion of the stator coils, and a plurality of rotor coils wound about an axis that is parallel to the first axis. The stator coils are configured to receive electric current to induce a first magnetic field. The support structures support the stator coils. The coupler includes a notch oriented so that one of the support structures can pass through the notch when the coupler moves along the stator coils. The rotor coils are attached to the coupler and are configured to receive electric current to induce a magnetic field that interacts with the first magnetic field so that a magnetic force is applied to the rotor coils, thereby propelling the coupler and the rotor coils along the stator coils.

An electromagnetic propulsion system comprises a plurality of stator coils wound about a first axis, a plurality of support structures, a coupler that surrounds a portion of the stator coils, and a plurality of rotor coils wound about an axis that is parallel to the first axis. The stator coils are configured to receive electric current to induce a first magnetic field. The support structures support the stator coils. The coupler includes a notch oriented so that one of the support structures can pass through the notch when the coupler moves along the stator coils. The rotor coils are attached to the coupler and are configured to receive electric current to induce a magnetic field that interacts with the first magnetic field so that a magnetic force is applied to the rotor coils, thereby propelling the coupler and the rotor coils along the stator coils.