The agitator includes a furnace body that includes a molten metal room, and an agitating unit that agitates molten metal stored in the furnace body. The agitating unit includes a molten-metal driving room-forming part that applies a driving force to the molten metal, and forms a driving room of which both ends are opened; a pair of electrodes that is disposed in the driving room and makes current flow in the driving room under the presence of the molten metal; and a magnetic field unit which is formed of a permanent magnet disposed outside the furnace body, of which one pole of an N pole and an S pole faces the furnace body so that magnetic lines of force generated from the one pole cross the current, and which generates an electromagnetic three for driving the molten metal from one end toward the other end in the driving room.

The agitator includes a furnace body that includes a molten metal room, and an agitating unit that agitates molten metal stored in the furnace body. The agitating unit includes a molten-metal driving room-forming part that applies a driving force to the molten metal, and forms a driving room of which both ends are opened; a pair of electrodes that is disposed in the driving room and makes current flow in the driving room under the presence of the molten metal; and a magnetic field unit which is formed of a permanent magnet disposed outside the furnace body, of which one pole of an N pole and an S pole faces the furnace body so that magnetic lines of force generated from the one pole cross the current, and which generates an electromagnetic three for driving the molten metal from one end toward the other end in the driving room.

Various embodiments of magneto-hydrodynamic connection pumps are discussed. In some cases, the pumps include: a body forming an inner channel, a first connection part on a first side of the tube, a second connection part on a second side of the tube; an anode electrode on an inside wall of the body, a cathode electrode located on the inside wall of the body at a location opposite the anode electrode, and one or more permanent magnets attached to or embedded into an outside wall of the body.

Various embodiments of magneto-hydrodynamic connection pumps are discussed. In some cases, the pumps include: a body forming an inner channel, a first connection part on a first side of the tube, a second connection part on a second side of the tube; an anode electrode on an inside wall of the body, a cathode electrode located on the inside wall of the body at a location opposite the anode electrode, and one or more permanent magnets attached to or embedded into an outside wall of the body.

Various embodiments of magneto-hydrodynamic connection pumps are discussed. In some cases, the pumps include: a body forming an inner channel, a first connection part on a first side of the tube, a second connection part on a second side of the tube; an anode electrode on an inside wall of the body, a cathode electrode located on the inside wall of the body at a location opposite the anode electrode, and one or more permanent magnets attached to or embedded into an outside wall of the body.

Various embodiments of magneto-hydrodynamic connection pumps are discussed. In some cases, the pumps include: a body forming an inner channel, a first connection part on a first side of the tube, a second connection part on a second side of the tube; an anode electrode on an inside wall of the body, a cathode electrode located on the inside wall of the body at a location opposite the anode electrode, and one or more permanent magnets attached to or embedded into an outside wall of the body.

An apparatus comprises: electric circuits including a first circuit and a second circuit to operate in multiple modes including a first mode in which the first circuit dissipates more heat than the second circuit and in a second mode in which the second circuit dissipates more heat; and a coolant loop along which the first circuit and the second circuit are thermally coupled at spaced-apart locations, wherein the coolant loop includes a reversible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pump to pump a cold liquid metal through the coolant loop in reversible coolant-flow directions responsive to reversible current directions of a current applied to the MHD pump, such that when the first mode is active, the cold liquid metal initially encounters the first circuit and then encounters the second circuit, and when the second mode is active, the cold liquid metal initially encounters the second circuit and then encounters the first circuit.

An apparatus comprises: electric circuits including a first circuit and a second circuit to operate in multiple modes including a first mode in which the first circuit dissipates more heat than the second circuit and in a second mode in which the second circuit dissipates more heat; and a coolant loop along which the first circuit and the second circuit are thermally coupled at spaced-apart locations, wherein the coolant loop includes a reversible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pump to pump a cold liquid metal through the coolant loop in reversible coolant-flow directions responsive to reversible current directions of a current applied to the MHD pump, such that when the first mode is active, the cold liquid metal initially encounters the first circuit and then encounters the second circuit, and when the second mode is active, the cold liquid metal initially encounters the second circuit and then encounters the first circuit.