The invention provides devices and methods for moving charged molecules into and out of tissue samples. This invention is particularly useful for removing endogenous heterogenous particles from tissue samples and for introducing exogenous charged molecules (e.g., antibodies, dyes) into tissue samples.

A buoyant hydrodynamic pump is disclosed that can float on a surface of a body of water over which waves tend to pass. The pump incorporates an open-bottomed tube with a constriction. The tube partially encloses a substantial volume of water with which the tube's constriction interacts, creating and/or amplifying oscillations therein in response to wave action. Wave-driven oscillations result in periodic upward ejections of portions of the water inside the tube that can be collected in a reservoir that is at least partially positioned above the mean water level of the body of water, or pressurized by compressed air or gas, or both. Water within such a reservoir may return to the body of water via a turbine, thereby generating electrical power (making the device a wave engine), or else the device's pumping action can be used for other purposes such as water circulation, propulsion, or cloud seeding.

Embodiments of an apparatus for generating electric power from flowing seawater are disclosed. Embodiments form fluid channels having magnetic fields through which seawater will flow. Electrodes are arranged with respect to the fluid channels and connected together such that electric power is generated as seawater flows through the channels.

A power generator that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos identifiable by unique analytical and spectroscopic signatures, (ii) a reaction mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; and a molten metal to cause the reaction mixture to be highly conductive, (iii) a molten metal injection system comprising at least one pump such as an electromagnetic pump that causes a plurality of molten metal streams to intersect, (iv) an ignition system comprising an electrical power source that provides low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to the plurality of intersected molten metal streams to ignite a plasma to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos, (v) a source of H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 supplied to the plasma, (vi) a molten metal recovery system, and (vii) a power converter capable of (a) converting the high-power light output from a blackbody radiator of the cell into electricity using concentrator thermophotovoltaic cells or (b) converting the energetic plasma into electricity using a magnetohydrodynamic converter.

Disclosed is a submerged power generation system. The system may include a hollow fluid flow column, substantially parallel with the direction of gravitational acceleration, a fluid inlet, and a fluid power generator in the hollow fluid column. The system may further include fluid outlets and a pump system at the end of the fluid column opposite from the inlet. Further, an electrical distribution cable or power distribution system in communication with said fluid power generator may also be integrated into the system. Various other power storage, generation, and distribution systems may be integrated into the system to further enhance the efficiency and capabilities of the hydroelectric power generation system.

The present invention discloses a magnetohydrodynamics power system which utilizes low temperature heat source. Variable control of the operation of the system, along with determining configurations for specific cases, are made possible by selecting the refrigerant, liquid metal circuit geometry, and by adjusting the system condensing pressure and/or temperature. Adjustable condensing pressure and/or temperature allows the system to react to changing ambient temperature and maximize power output. Adjusting condensing pressure and/or temperature of the system is made possible with a variable condenser pressure controller. The variable condenser pressure controller allows utilization of the physical properties of the refrigerant over a wide range of condensing temperatures/pressures, including pressures in the vacuum range. Meanwhile rare earth permanent magnets in paired Halbach arrays are used in the magnetohydrodynamics generator to augment the magnetic field, and a series electrode connection is made possible to achieve a high voltage output.

The improved liquid transportation and desalination system transports seawater or other saline liquids through a piped distribution system with essentially no moving parts by relying on MHD principles. A fluid pump device comprised of high-strength permanent magnets forming chambers through which the liquid passes and inter-chamber opposing electrode plates with an applied DC potential provide the magnetic flux density and electric current for generating the Lorentz forces acting on the liquid. The fluid pump device may be combined with a desalination filtration device for provision of fresh water near the end of the distribution line without the need for a largescale treatment plant. Desalination/filtration occurs through use of nano-porous graphene and/or carbon nanotube media.

Embodiments provide systems and methods for creating and storing energy using the magnetohydrodynamic principle and the flow of a conductive fluid through a magnetic field downhole in a pipeline system. The system can also be configured to determine water holdup using the magnetohydrodynamic principle. The energy the system generates can be used to control electric valves and other electronic devices along the pipeline. The power storing and generating system can be configured to include permanent magnets, electrode pairs, isolation material, and a conductive flowing multiphase media. The multiphase media, i.e., oil, gas, water, or a mixture, flows through a pipeline that has electrodes in direct contact with the media and magnets also configured adjacent the media. The electrode pairs can be arranged inside of the pipeline opposite each other, with a permanent magnet placed between the electrodes and flush to the inside of the pipe, with flux lines perpendicular to the flow direction. Power output from the system is a function of the conductive fluid volume, flow velocity, magnet strength, and electrode size. Various embodiments include different arrangements of permanent magnets and electrode pairs.

An exhaust section for an aircraft gas turbine engine includes an exhaust nozzle in a downstream serial flow relationship with the gas turbine engine having a fan section, a compressor section, a combustion section, a turbine section, and an exhaust section. The compressor section compresses intake air from the fan section, which is mixed with fuel and combusted into hot gases in the combustion section. The hot gases drive the turbines of the turbine section, and are expelled from the gas turbine engine at the exhaust section.

A compressed air energy storage unit includes an electrical input and output circuit, a compressor and expansion device and an artificially created compressed air reservoir. The compressor and expansion device includes a piston pump having pistons formed of an electrically and thermally conductive liquid, e.g. galinstan, and is switchable between pumping operation and generator operation. A method for the production of a compressed air energy storage unit of this type includes manufacturing at least some components by 3D printing.