Various embodiments include a half-bridge comprising: a first power semiconductor; a second power semiconductor connected in series with the first power conductor; a controller for the power semiconductors; a line starting at connection node of the power semiconductors; and a meter for measuring the current in the line. The controller is configured to: compare the current with an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value; switch off the first power semiconductor if the upper threshold value is reached; switch on the second power semiconductor after a first dead time has elapsed; and switch off the second power semiconductor if the lower threshold value is reached; and switch on the first power semiconductor after a second dead time has elapsed.

An electronically controlled transformer, which is used for AC power supply, cutting off the sinusoidal waveform of voltage to change the RMS voltage. The electronically controlled transformer comprises a casing, socket holes and socket tabs for output and a circuit board. The circuit board is provided with an input terminal, a silicon controlled rectifier or field-effect transistor, an output terminal and a control module. The live wire and neutral wire of input terminal are connected by a rectifier or bridge rectifier. The positive output of rectifier or bridge rectifier is connected to a voltage regulation module. The voltage regulation module is connected to a control module. The control module comprises a control IC and a trigger and driving part. The trigger and driving part has an optical coupler. The switching pin of control IC is connected to the transmitting terminal of optical coupler.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes first, second, and third power converter stages connected to a transformer module. At least one of the first, second, and third power converter stages is a multi-level power converter stage that has multiple configurations to generate different output voltages from an input voltage.

A DC-to-DC converter, comprising a first, second, and third DC voltage network, and a first, second, and third DC-DC regulator, wherein the first, second, and third regulator each having a DC voltage main connection that is supplied with a DC voltage network voltage related to a common reference potential, a respective DC voltage network current flowing through each connection, the DC-DC regulators being coupled via a first DC-link capacitor connected between a first DC-link potential and a second DC-link potential, and the DC-DC regulators are each coupled with a DC-link regulator, via which the first DC-link potential or the second DC-link potential can be set independently of the DC voltage network voltages and the DC voltage network currents.

An alternating-current (AC) voltage regulator configured to receive an input voltage. The regulator including an AC/DC pulse-width modulated (PWM) power supply configured to receive the input voltage and output a direct-current (DC) signal isolated from the input voltage. The regulator including a control circuit configured to receive a portion of the input voltage, adjust an amplitude and a phase of the portion of the input voltage, and output the adjusted voltage. The regulator including an amplifier configured to receive, via an power input, the isolated DC signal; receive, via a first input, the adjusted voltage; receive a feedback loop from an amplifier output to a second input; and output, via the amplifier output, a differential signal. The regulator including an output configured to add the differential signal to the input voltage resulting in a regulated voltage, and output the regulated voltage.

In one embodiment, a high voltage power supply includes a DC voltage input, a converter for converting a DC voltage at the DC voltage input to an AC voltage, a booster for boosting the AC voltage to a boosted AC voltage, a rectifier in DC isolation from the DC voltage input, the rectifier operable to convert the boosted AC voltage to a high DC voltage at an isolated rectifier output, a high voltage DC output for outputting the high DC voltage, a voltage control input, and an error circuit coupled to the voltage control input and operable to reduce variation in the high DC voltage by driving a return side of the isolated rectifier output in response to feedback based on the high DC voltage.

A charge pump includes a first power source having a voltage V.sub.REG generated from a regulated and circuit-limiter supply, a second power source having a voltage V.sub.BRG and a top-off capacitor adapted to be charged to a voltage of the high of V.sub.REG or V.sub.BRG to a limit of a voltage clamp across the top-off capacitor.

A DC power supply includes a point-of-load (PoL) regulator providing power to a load with a desired efficiency only when a PoL input voltage is in a first sub-range of a specified larger system input voltage range. The supply has an auxiliary circuit with an output in series with the supply input, generating an auxiliary voltage and adding it to the DC supply voltage to form a boosted supply voltage. Switching circuitry connects the supply input to the PoL input to apply a DC supply voltage as the PoL input voltage when the supply voltage is in the first sub-range, and connects the output of the auxiliary circuit to the PoL input to apply the boosted supply voltage as the PoL input voltage when the supply voltage is outside the first sub-range, maintaining the PoL input voltage within the first sub-range.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus and techniques for charging a multi-stack battery pack. For example, certain aspects provide a circuit for charging a battery pack having multiple battery cells. The circuit generally includes a voltage regulator circuit and charge pump circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the voltage regulator circuit, and an output coupled to a first battery charging terminal. In certain aspects, the first battery charging terminal may be configured to be coupled to a terminal of a first battery cell of the multiple battery of the battery pack.

An apparatus includes: a switched capacitor (SC) converter to generate a first voltage based on a voltage source; and a direct current-to-direct current (DC-DC) converter to generate a second voltage based on the voltage source of the apparatus. A difference between the first voltage and the second voltage corresponds to an output voltage.