Provided is a piezoelectric material that is free of lead and potassium, has satisfactory insulation property and piezoelectricity, and has a high Curie temperature. The piezoelectric material includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1): General formula (1) (Na.sub.xM.sub.1-y)(Zr.sub.z(Nb.sub.1-wTa.sub.w).sub.y(Ti.sub.1-vSn.sub.v).sub.(1-y-z))O.sub.3 where M represents at least any one of Ba, Sr, and Ca, and relationships of 0.80≦x≦0.95, 0.85≦y≦0.95, 0<z≦0.03, 0≦v<0.2, 0≦w<0.2, and 0.05≦1−y−z≦0.15 are satisfied.

A capacitive-load driver circuit that is connected to terminals connected to capacitive loads and an output stage of an amplifier for feeding output voltages to the terminals to drive the capacitive loads. The capacitive-load driver circuit temporarily feeds a current during a transition period of the output voltages from one of the terminals transitioning from a high voltage state to a low voltage state to another terminal transitioning from a low voltage state to a high voltage state. The capacitive-load driver circuit includes a current-variation detector circuit and a charge transfer circuit. The current-variation detector circuit detects a variation in a current at the output stage. The charge transfer circuit feeds a predetermined current to one of the terminals to transfer charges from a capacitive load connected to a high voltage terminal to a capacitive load connected to a low voltage terminal.

A lens driving device includes: a movable part for accommodating a lens; and an ultrasonic motor having a resonance part configured to move the movable part by motion of the resonance part of the ultrasonic motor. The resonance part has a pair of arms, and is disposed such that only one of the arms is in contact with the movable part.

A tactile reproduction device, a method for driving the same, and a tactile reproduction apparatus. Tactile reproduction device may simulate textures to implement tactile reproduction. tactile reproduction device includes a plurality of piezoelectric units, includes: first electrode, piezoelectric section, and second electrode which are laminated, wherein the second electrode includes: first comb electrode and second comb electrode; the first comb electrode includes: a plurality of first comb-teeth electrodes and a first comb-shank electrode connecting the plurality of first comb-teeth electrodes; the second comb electrode includes: a plurality of second comb-teeth electrodes and a second comb-shank electrode connecting the plurality of second comb-teeth electrodes; the plurality of first comb-teeth electrodes and the plurality of second comb-teeth electrodes are mutually intersected; the first electrode includes a plurality of electrode units which are not connected to each other. The present disclosure is applicable to the production of tactile reproduction devices.

A vibration wave driving apparatus includes a vibrator configured to vibrate and movable relative to a friction member to generate a driving force, a pressing member configured to pressurize the vibrator, a transmission member configured to transmit a pressing force by the pressing member to the vibrator, a holding member configured to hold the vibrator, and a viscoelastic member configured to connect the holding member and the transmission member to each other.

A method of controlling a piezoelectric motor as a piezoelectric drive device having a vibrator including piezoelectric elements, a rotor as a driven unit that moves at a target speed by vibration of the vibrator, and drive signal generation units that generate drive signals and output the drive signals to the piezoelectric elements, includes intermittently outputting the drive signals to the piezoelectric elements by the drive signal generation units, wherein a time when output of the drive signals is stopped is shorter than a time from when output of the drive signal is stopped to stoppage of the vibration.

A driving device generates a driving signal and outputs the driving signal to a piezoelectric element, the driving signal having a waveform obtained by using, as a first modulated wave, a first low-frequency wave having a frequency of 1 Hz or more and less than 100 Hz, using, as a second modulated wave, a waveform obtained by modulating an amplitude of a second low-frequency wave having a frequency of 100 Hz or more and 300 Hz or less with the first modulated wave, and modulating a high-frequency wave having a frequency of 20 kHz or more and 100 kHz or less with the second modulated wave.

A control method for reducing vibration of a second casing of a mobile terminal includes: mounting an additional vibrator in a mounting area on the second casing, and measuring vibration responses in the mounting area under first and second preset conditions; calculating system transfer functions of the additional vibrator and a driving system formed by a first casing and an exciter; providing a signal processing unit; adjusting the value of the transfer function of the signal processing unit such that a vibration response in the mounting area under a third preset condition is at zero, and calculating the value of the transfer function H3(S) of the signal processing unit; and setting H3(S) as a preset transfer function of the signal processing unit. The present disclosure can counteract the vibration of the second casing induced by the driving system, thereby improving user experience.

A medicine removal detection system is provided that includes a medication device and a storage member in a sheet shape storing the medication device. The medication device includes medicine, a secondary battery, and a signal transmission unit that transmits a signal indicating a state of the secondary battery. The storage member includes the electric current supply line for supplying an electric current to the secondary battery of the medication device, and is configured such that a supply environment of an electric current to the secondary battery changes when the medication device is taken out. The signal transmission unit transmits a signal indicating a state change of the secondary battery based on a change in the supply environment of an electric current to the secondary battery of the storage member.

A piezoelectric drive device includes a vibrating part, and a control unit that controls vibration of the vibrating part, wherein the vibrating part includes a piezoelectric material having a first surface and a second surface in a front-back relation, a drive electrode having a first electrode arranged at the first surface and a second electrode arranged at the second surface, and vibrating the piezoelectric material when a drive signal from the control unit is input to the second electrode, and a detection electrode having a third electrode arranged at the first surface and a fourth electrode arranged at the second surface, and outputting a detection signal according to the vibration of the piezoelectric material to the control unit via the fourth electrode, and the first electrode and the third electrode are separated on the first surface, and the second electrode and the fourth electrode are separated on the second surface.