A liquid ejecting apparatus includes an ejecting unit that includes a piezoelectric element and ejects liquid by driving the piezoelectric element; a first drive circuit that is mounted on a front surface of a circuit substrate and generates a first drive signal; and a second drive circuit that is mounted on a rear surface of the circuit substrate and generates a second drive signal. The first drive circuit includes a first control circuit which is integrated into a first integrated circuit. The second drive circuit includes a second control circuit which is integrated into a second integrated circuit. The first integrated circuit includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The second integrated circuit includes a third terminal and a fourth terminal. A distance between the first terminal and the third terminal is shorter than a distance between the first terminal and the fourth terminal.

A liquid ejecting apparatus includes an ejecting unit that includes a piezoelectric element and ejects liquid by driving the piezoelectric element; a first drive circuit that is mounted on a front surface of a circuit substrate and generates a first drive signal; and a second drive circuit that is mounted on a rear surface of the circuit substrate and generates a second drive signal. The first drive circuit includes a first control circuit which is integrated into a first integrated circuit. The second drive circuit includes a second control circuit which is integrated into a second integrated circuit. The first integrated circuit includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The second integrated circuit includes a third terminal and a fourth terminal. A distance between the first terminal and the third terminal is shorter than a distance between the first terminal and the fourth terminal.

A liquid ejecting apparatus includes an ejecting unit that includes a piezoelectric element and ejects liquid by driving the piezoelectric element; a first drive circuit that generates a first drive signal; a second drive circuit that generates a second drive signal; and a circuit substrate having one surface on which the first drive circuit is mounted and the other surface on which the second drive circuit is mounted. The first drive circuit includes a first pair of transistors and a second pair of transistors. The second drive circuit includes a third pair of transistors and a fourth pair of transistors. A distance between the first pair of transistors and the third pair of transistors is shorter than a distance between the first pair of transistors and the fourth pair of transistors.

A liquid ejecting apparatus includes an ejecting unit that includes a piezoelectric element and ejects liquid by driving the piezoelectric element; a first drive circuit that generates a first drive signal; a second drive circuit that generates a second drive signal; and a circuit substrate having one surface on which the first drive circuit is mounted and the other surface on which the second drive circuit is mounted. The first drive circuit includes a first pair of transistors and a second pair of transistors. The second drive circuit includes a third pair of transistors and a fourth pair of transistors. A distance between the first pair of transistors and the third pair of transistors is shorter than a distance between the first pair of transistors and the fourth pair of transistors.

A capacitive actuator is connected to an output of an apparatus which is formed with a capacitor connected between an input and a reference potential, with a full bridge with four power switching elements connected in parallel with the capacitor. To charge the capacitive actuator, a control circuit first turns on the first and third power switching elements. Current then flows from the first capacitor via a coil connected between the bridge paths and energy is stored in the coil. When a maximum current value is reached, the first and third power switching elements are switched off and magnetic energy stored in the coil decays due to current flow via the diodes of the second and fourth power switching elements. This charges the capacitive actuator. The capacitive actuator is charged to a predefined voltage by possible repeated switching of the first and third power switching elements.

There is provided a drive controller including a determination part that compares a target stop position of a movable body, which is driven by a piezoelectric actuator driven by a piezoelectric element expanded and contracted in response to an applied voltage, with a real position of the movable body acquired on the basis of a position sensor, and determines whether or not the target stop position matches with the real position, and a drive control part that turns off energization of the piezoelectric actuator when the target stop position matches with the real position while the movable body is being driven by the piezoelectric actuator.

An actuator and tactile sensation providing apparatus include an actuator including a piezoelectric element, a vibration plate, and a support. The vibration plate has the piezoelectric element joined thereto and vibrates in accordance with displacement of the piezoelectric element. The support supports the vibration plate and is configured so that an end of the vibration plate is displaced more in a longitudinal direction than in a normal direction of the vibration plate in accordance with displacement of the piezoelectric element. The angle between the vibration plate and the support is acute. The tactile sensation providing apparatus can further include an object of vibration configured to provide a tactile sensation to a user by vibration of the vibration plate being transmitted to the object of vibration.

An actuator and tactile sensation providing apparatus include an actuator including a piezoelectric element, a vibration plate, and a support. The vibration plate has the piezoelectric element joined thereto and vibrates in accordance with displacement of the piezoelectric element. The support supports the vibration plate and is configured so that an end of the vibration plate is displaced more in a longitudinal direction than in a normal direction of the vibration plate in accordance with displacement of the piezoelectric element. The angle between the vibration plate and the support is acute. The tactile sensation providing apparatus can further include an object of vibration configured to provide a tactile sensation to a user by vibration of the vibration plate being transmitted to the object of vibration.

Disclosed is a thermo-mechanical actuator (100) comprising a piezo¬electric module (110), the piezo-electric module comprising at least one piezo-electric element (120), wherein the thermo-mechanical actuator is configured to: receive a thermal actuation signal (132) for controlling a thermal behaviour of the piezo-electric module, or provide a thermal sensing signal (132) representative of a thermal state of the piezo-electric module, and, wherein the thermo-mechanical actuator is configured to: receive a mechanical actuation (134) signal for controlling a mechanical behaviour of the piezo-electric module, or provide a mechanical sensing signal (134) representative of a mechanical state of the piezo-electric module.

An electrical connection structure for connecting a piezoelectric element and an electrical circuit to each other with a conductive adhesive is described. The electrical connection structure includes an epoxy, a conductive component surrounded by the epoxy, and a trace feature implemented on top of the electrical connection structure.