The invention relates to a method for operating an electric machine (1), in particular of a motor vehicle, that has a stator (4) and a rotor (2), wherein the stator (4) has a stator winding (5) having at least three phases (U, V, W), and wherein the rotor is arranged/arrangeable on a rotor shaft (3), wherein a time-invariant differential equation modelling the machine (1) is taken as a basis for ascertaining a desired current value (I.sub.desired,fl) for the stator winding (5) for producing a required torque and/or a required rotation speed, wherein the desired current value (I.sub.desired,fl) is compared with an actual current value (I.sub.actual,fl) of the stator winding (5), which actual current value corresponds to electric phase currents (I.sub.U, I.sub.V, I.sub.W) flowing through the phases (U, V, W), and wherein the comparison is taken as a basis for passing current through the phases (U, V, W) such that a difference from the actual current value (I.sub.actual,fl) to the desired current value (I.sub.desired,fl) is reduced. There is provision for the time-invariant differential equation to be ascertained on the basis of a periodic, linear differential equation by means of a Floquet transformation.

The invention relates to a method for controlling an inverter which is electrically connected to an electric motor, having the following steps: defining a modulated voltage (S1) for the inverter, said voltage being based on a first switching frequency, for operating the electric motor with a current, wherein the current has an electric frequency; determining the electric frequency (S2); changing the first switching frequency (S4) on which the modulated voltage is based to a second switching frequency if a value pair consisting of electric frequency and first switching frequency, or a value pair consisting of electric frequency and a sideband of the first switching frequency, is within at least one defined disturbance range (S3).

A variable reluctance motor load mapping apparatus includes a frame, an interface disposed on the frame configured for mounting a variable reluctance motor, a static load cell mounted to the frame and coupled to the variable reluctance motor, and a controller communicably coupled to the static load cell and the variable reluctance motor, the controller being configured to select at least one motor phase of the variable reluctance motor, energize the at least one motor phase, and receive motor operational data from at least the static load cell for mapping and generating an array of motor operational data look up tables.

A variable reluctance motor load mapping apparatus includes a frame, an interface disposed on the frame configured for mounting a variable reluctance motor, a static load cell mounted to the frame and coupled to the variable reluctance motor, and a controller communicably coupled to the static load cell and the variable reluctance motor, the controller being configured to select at least one motor phase of the variable reluctance motor, energize the at least one motor phase, and receive motor operational data from at least the static load cell for mapping and generating an array of motor operational data look up tables.

A computer program causes a computer to execute processing of simulating behavior of an electromagnetic component including a coil at each of a plurality of time points based on an analytic model of the electromagnetic component. The processing comprises creating a look-up table storing a flux linkage of the coil, an inductance of the coil and a current in the coil that are obtained by a magnetic field analysis based on the analytic model in association with one another, and simulating behavior of the electromagnetic component by referring to the look-up table using currents in the coil calculated at a previous simulation step and at a step before the previous simulation step.

A method of determining a position of a rotor of a brushless permanent magnet motor includes measuring a current value indicative of current flowing through a phase winding of the motor and providing a reference voltage value indicative of a voltage applied to the phase winding of the motor. The method includes calculating a phase of back EMF induced in the phase winding using the measured current value and the reference voltage value, and determining a zero-crossing point of the back EMF induced in the phase winding using the calculated phase of back EMF induced in the phase winding. The method includes generating a rotor position signal based on the determined zero-crossing point.

A variable reluctance motor load mapping apparatus includes a frame, an interface disposed on the frame configured for mounting a variable reluctance motor, a static load cell mounted to the frame and coupled to the variable reluctance motor, and a controller communicably coupled to the static load cell and the variable reluctance motor, the controller being configured to select at least one motor phase of the variable reluctance motor, energize the at least one motor phase, and receive motor operational data from at least the static load cell for mapping and generating an array of motor operational data look up tables.

A system for fault detection and control in an electric aircraft including an inertial measurement unit, the inertial measurement unit including at least a sensor configured to detect a torque datum associated with at least a propulsor. The system includes an observer, the observer configured to generate a torque prediction datum associated with the at least a propulsor, compare the torque prediction datum with the torque datum, and generate a residual datum as a function of the comparison. The system includes a mixer, the mixer comprising circuitry configured to generate, as a function of the residual datum, a torque priority command datum and transmit, to the at least a propulsor, the torque priority command datum.

A system for fault detection and control in an electric aircraft including an inertial measurement unit, the inertial measurement unit including at least a sensor configured to detect a torque datum associated with at least a propulsor. The system includes an observer, the observer configured to generate a torque prediction datum associated with the at least a propulsor, compare the torque prediction datum with the torque datum, and generate a residual datum as a function of the comparison. The system includes a mixer, the mixer comprising circuitry configured to generate, as a function of the residual datum, a torque priority command datum and transmit, to the at least a propulsor, the torque priority command datum.

A computer program causes a computer to execute processing of simulating behavior of an electromagnetic component including a coil at each of a plurality of time points based on an analytic model of the electromagnetic component. The processing comprises creating a look-up table storing a flux linkage of the coil, an inductance of the coil and a current in the coil that are obtained by a magnetic field analysis based on the analytic model in association with one another, and simulating behavior of the electromagnetic component by referring to the look-up table using currents in the coil calculated at a previous simulation step and at a step before the previous simulation step.