A subsurface energy storage system includes roadway housings arranged to define a surface to carry vehicles. Each roadway housing has an energy storage assembly having a housing defining cavities, and energy storage units respectively carried within the cavities and being electrically coupled together. Each roadway housing also includes a layer adjacent to the energy storage assembly and to provide the surface to carry vehicles. The subsurface energy storage system also includes an energy storage management controller coupled to the energy storage units in the roadway housings.

Rubber molded articles that integrally incorporate an operable photovoltaic device, and method and system for producing such articles. An apparatus includes a rubber body, formed of one or more solidified, compacted, previously-heated rubber materials, selected from the group consisting of: virgin unused rubber material, recycled rubber, scrap rubber, rubber pellets, rubber granules, rubber lumps, rubber strips. The apparatus also includes an operable photovoltaic device, that is configured to generate electricity from light via the photovoltaic effect; and which is optionally flexible and rollable. The operable photovoltaic device is integrally held on top of the rubber body, via a molded connection and holding mechanism which molds together the rubber body and the operable photovoltaic device.

Rubber molded articles that integrally incorporate an operable photovoltaic device, and method and system for producing such articles. An apparatus includes a rubber body, formed of one or more solidified, compacted, previously-heated rubber materials, selected from the group consisting of: virgin unused rubber material, recycled rubber, scrap rubber, rubber pellets, rubber granules, rubber lumps, rubber strips. The apparatus also includes an operable photovoltaic device, that is configured to generate electricity from light via the photovoltaic effect; and which is optionally flexible and rollable. The operable photovoltaic device is integrally held on top of the rubber body, via a molded connection and holding mechanism which molds together the rubber body and the operable photovoltaic device.

A solar energy system includes solar panels supported by support trays which include cooling fluid passageways to allow a cooling fluid to convect heat from the solar panels to a static air heat exchanger. The system includes an atmospheric moisture extraction system to periodically cool air from the heat exchanger by alternately releasing the hot static air into one of two water piston units which are in fluid communication with one another, discharging previously discharged hot air from the second of the water piston units, and afterwards drawing in fresh cool air into the second water piston unit, and the heat exchanger, all by the selected sequential use of control valves under the guidance of a control unit. The fresh cool air is drawn into the water piston units through an orifice, condensing water vapor in the air into liquid water in the water piston units.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for improved bifacial solar modeling. A method may comprise measuring an albedo of a surface on which an array of bifacial solar modules is disposed and setting an albedo parameter of a bifacial gain model. The method may further comprise measuring a backside irradiance of the array and setting a backside irradiance parameter. The method may further comprise setting a shed transparency parameter using the measured backside irradiance and a geometric model of the array. The method may further comprise setting a rear shading parameter using a shading model of the array. The method may further comprise computing an expected bifacial gain of the array. The method may further comprise determining an actual bifacial gain of the array. The method may further comprise setting a rear mismatch parameter to minimize a loss function of the expected bifacial gain and the actual bifacial gain.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for improved bifacial solar modeling. A method may comprise measuring an albedo of a surface on which an array of bifacial solar modules is disposed and setting an albedo parameter of a bifacial gain model. The method may further comprise measuring a backside irradiance of the array and setting a backside irradiance parameter. The method may further comprise setting a shed transparency parameter using the measured backside irradiance and a geometric model of the array. The method may further comprise setting a rear shading parameter using a shading model of the array. The method may further comprise computing an expected bifacial gain of the array. The method may further comprise determining an actual bifacial gain of the array. The method may further comprise setting a rear mismatch parameter to minimize a loss function of the expected bifacial gain and the actual bifacial gain.

An infrastructure energy generation system comprising plurality of photovoltaic structures installed along a road or transportation route to generate electricity from solar energy. An electricity transmission line is installed along said road or transportation route which is connected to vehicle charging facilities, electric trains, electric buses, electric trucks, transportation facilities and roadside lights. The electricity transmission line is connected to at least one electricity generation source such as a generator or an electric battery. The infrastructure energy generation system is configured as a Distributed Energy Resource (DER), a microgrid, a grid-tied electrical system or an off-grid electrical system.

An infrastructure energy generation system comprising plurality of photovoltaic structures installed along a road or transportation route to generate electricity from solar energy. An electricity transmission line is installed along said road or transportation route which is connected to vehicle charging facilities, electric trains, electric buses, electric trucks, transportation facilities and roadside lights. The electricity transmission line is connected to at least one electricity generation source such as a generator or an electric battery. The infrastructure energy generation system is configured as a Distributed Energy Resource (DER), a microgrid, a grid-tied electrical system or an off-grid electrical system.

A transportation pathway, such as a railway or roadway, has a plurality of poles supporting electrical wires. The poles extend in a line parallel to the transportation pathway. In a railway, the poles support a power cable to supply power to an electric train or tram. In a roadway, the poles have electrical wires for street lights. Solar panels extend between the poles and provide power to the train, tram or street light, or support an outlet for recharging electric vehicles. The power generated by the solar panels can be used to supplement or replace the power provided through the poles. Power not used in this manner can be stored in a battery or sent into the electric grid. The solar panels can be retrofit onto existing systems.

A transportation pathway, such as a railway or roadway, has a plurality of poles supporting electrical wires. The poles extend in a line parallel to the transportation pathway. In a railway, the poles support a power cable to supply power to an electric train or tram. In a roadway, the poles have electrical wires for street lights. Solar panels extend between the poles and provide power to the train, tram or street light, or support an outlet for recharging electric vehicles. The power generated by the solar panels can be used to supplement or replace the power provided through the poles. Power not used in this manner can be stored in a battery or sent into the electric grid. The solar panels can be retrofit onto existing systems.