A solar paving module (200) is described. The module (200) comprises: a frame (234); a power generating element (216) comprising at least one photovoltaic element (216) supported in the frame (234); a light transmitting surface screen (218) covering the electrical power generating element (216) and having a planar upper surface; and an electrical connector connected electrically to the power generating element (216). The solar paving module (200) comprises a heat sink (260) in thermal connectivity with the power generating element (216), the heat sink comprising a heat sink plate (262) and one or more ground plates (280) connected to the heat sink plate (262) and forming a heat sink anchor.

A traffic sign board easily identifiable during day and night is provided. The traffic sign board which is easily identified at night includes a flickering operation of a backlight installed inside a frame, and easily identified by a driver during day even on a secluded country road or a deserted road due to flickering of light emitting diode (LED) light projected to a front side through a reflective sheet while the backlight is switched off.

A traffic sign board easily identifiable during day and night is provided. The traffic sign board which is easily identified at night includes a flickering operation of a backlight installed inside a frame, and easily identified by a driver during day even on a secluded country road or a deserted road due to flickering of light emitting diode (LED) light projected to a front side through a reflective sheet while the backlight is switched off.

A traffic sign board easily identifiable during day and night is provided. The traffic sign board which is easily identified at night includes a flickering operation of a backlight installed inside a frame, and easily identified by a driver during day even on a secluded country road or a deserted road due to flickering of light emitting diode (LED) light projected to a front side through a reflective sheet while the backlight is switched off.

A traffic sign board easily identifiable during day and night is provided. The traffic sign board which is easily identified at night includes a flickering operation of a backlight installed inside a frame, and easily identified by a driver during day even on a secluded country road or a deserted road due to flickering of light emitting diode (LED) light projected to a front side through a reflective sheet while the backlight is switched off.

A solar photovoltaic module laminate for electric power generation is provided. A plurality of solar cells are embedded within module laminate and arranged to form at least one string of electrically interconnected solar cells within said module laminate. A plurality of power optimizers are embedded within the module laminate and electrically interconnected to and powered with the plurality of solar cells. Each of the distributed power optimizers capable of operating in either pass-through mode without local maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) or switching mode with local maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) and having at least one associated bypass switch for distributed shade management.

A road surface power generation system is provided, which includes a glass layer, a solar cell chip, a substrate and a heating device. The solar cell chip is arranged between the glass layer and the substrate. The heating device is arranged on the glass layer or the substrate. In the road surface power generation system, the heating device is arranged on the glass layer or the substrate, for heating the glass layer, such that frost, snow and ice accumulated on the glass layer can be melted, thereby enhancing the light absorption rate of the solar cell chip, and improving the power generation efficiency.

A road surface power generation system is provided, which includes a glass layer, a solar cell chip, a substrate and a heating device. The solar cell chip is arranged between the glass layer and the substrate. The heating device is arranged on the glass layer or the substrate. In the road surface power generation system, the heating device is arranged on the glass layer or the substrate, for heating the glass layer, such that frost, snow and ice accumulated on the glass layer can be melted, thereby enhancing the light absorption rate of the solar cell chip, and improving the power generation efficiency.

A road surface power generation assembly is provided, which includes a substrate, a solar cell chip and a glass layer. The glass layer includes an upper glass layer and a lower glass layer which are secured through a sheet adhesive layer. The solar cell chip is arranged between the lower glass layer and the substrate.

A road surface power generation assembly is provided, which includes a substrate, a solar cell chip and a glass layer. The glass layer includes an upper glass layer and a lower glass layer which are secured through a sheet adhesive layer. The solar cell chip is arranged between the lower glass layer and the substrate.