Disclosed is a solar cell string, a string group, a module, and a manufacturing method thereof. The solar cell string is formed by connecting a plurality of first type of solar cells and at least one second type of solar cell, wherein front electrodes of the plurality of first type of solar cells (701) have the same polarity, back electrodes of the plurality of first type of solar cells (701) also have the same polarity, and the polarity of the front electrodes of the first type of multiple solar cells (701) is opposite to the polarity of the back electrodes. Back electrodes on a back side of the second type of solar cell (801) comprise a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The solar cell string utilizes two structures of solar cells to establish a stacked connection of shingles, thereby enabling a current carrying unit to direct current out of the back side of the solar cells, making it easier to incorporate a diode, causing no size increase in the module area, reducing the wafer breakage rate, and accordingly raising the module pass rate and assembling efficiency. Further disclosed is a string group formed by the solar cell string, a module, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Disclosed is a solar cell string, a string group, a module, and a manufacturing method thereof. The solar cell string is formed by connecting a plurality of first type of solar cells and at least one second type of solar cell, wherein front electrodes of the plurality of first type of solar cells (701) have the same polarity, back electrodes of the plurality of first type of solar cells (701) also have the same polarity, and the polarity of the front electrodes of the first type of multiple solar cells (701) is opposite to the polarity of the back electrodes. Back electrodes on a back side of the second type of solar cell (801) comprise a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The solar cell string utilizes two structures of solar cells to establish a stacked connection of shingles, thereby enabling a current carrying unit to direct current out of the back side of the solar cells, making it easier to incorporate a diode, causing no size increase in the module area, reducing the wafer breakage rate, and accordingly raising the module pass rate and assembling efficiency. Further disclosed is a string group formed by the solar cell string, a module, and a manufacturing method thereof.

A converter and a power backfeed control method applied to a photovoltaic power generation system are provided. The power backfeed control method includes: controlling, according to a backfeed instruction, the converter to enter a backfeed mode, where in the backfeed mode, the converter can transmit energy of the power grid to a selected photovoltaic string with a corresponding number; determining a backfeed control voltage according to the backfeed instruction, and determining a voltage limit in a process of determining the backfeed control voltage; determining an actual backfeed voltage based on the backfeed control voltage and the voltage limit, where the actual backfeed voltage is a smaller one of the backfeed control voltage and the voltage limit; and controlling the converter to output the actual backfeed voltage to the selected photovoltaic string, to enable the selected photovoltaic string to generate an electroluminescent effect.

Systems and methods of the present disclosure enable automated roof planning using a processor. The processor receives a digital image of a roof of a structure and models each roof plane of the roof to generate a roof model. The processor determines dimensions of each roof plane based on the roof model. The processor retrieves roofing accessory data from a database, the roofing accessory data solar roofing accessory part identifiers and solar roofing accessory part performance characteristics for solar roofing accessories. The processor simulates multiple candidate roof layouts based on the dimensions of each roof plan and the solar roofing accessory parts and determines a utilization prediction for each candidate layout. Based on each utilization prediction, the processor determines a particular roof layout having selected solar roofing accessory parts, and generates a solar roof design, including a list of materials, for the particular roof layout.

A solar power generation control device, controlling a solar power generation system configured to charge a power storage device of a vehicle with electric power generated by a solar cell provided in the vehicle, includes: a determination unit configured to determine whether irradiation light to the vehicle is sunlight based on an output of an optical sensor; and a control unit configured to control an operation mode of the solar power generation system, including a first mode, in which the power storage device is charged with electric power generated by the solar cell, and a second mode, in which power consumption of the solar power generation system is lower than in the first mode, based on a determination result of the determination unit. The control unit sets the solar power generation system to the first mode when the determination unit determines that the irradiation light is sunlight.

A non-destructive testing system for photovoltaic cells includes a non-contact electromagnetic induction device, a short-wave infrared (SWIR) camera or/and a visible-light camera, a thermal imaging device, and an image processing device. The non-contact electromagnetic induction device is configured for generating an external electric field acting on the photovoltaic cell without being in contact with the photovoltaic cell. A direction of the external electric field is parallel to that of an internal electric field of the photovoltaic cell. The SWIR camera or/and the visible-light camera is/are configured for obtaining an optical radiation distribution map within the photovoltaic cell. The thermal imaging device is configured for obtaining a thermal radiation distribution map in the photovoltaic cell. The image processing device is configured for storing and processing the optical and thermal radiation distribution maps. Non-destructive testing equipment including the above system is further provided.

A non-destructive testing system for photovoltaic cells includes a non-contact electromagnetic induction device, a short-wave infrared (SWIR) camera or/and a visible-light camera, a thermal imaging device, and an image processing device. The non-contact electromagnetic induction device is configured for generating an external electric field acting on the photovoltaic cell without being in contact with the photovoltaic cell. A direction of the external electric field is parallel to that of an internal electric field of the photovoltaic cell. The SWIR camera or/and the visible-light camera is/are configured for obtaining an optical radiation distribution map within the photovoltaic cell. The thermal imaging device is configured for obtaining a thermal radiation distribution map in the photovoltaic cell. The image processing device is configured for storing and processing the optical and thermal radiation distribution maps. Non-destructive testing equipment including the above system is further provided.

A sensor device for measuring a temperature in a photovoltaic laminate structure and a sensor system comprising such a sensor device is provided. The sensor device includes a capillary for being embedded in the laminate structure between two layers thereof, a medium arranged within the capillary, and an optical fiber extending through the capillary and surrounded by the medium. At least a portion of the optical fiber has temperature-dependent transmission characteristics.

A sensor device for measuring a temperature in a photovoltaic laminate structure and a sensor system comprising such a sensor device is provided. The sensor device includes a capillary for being embedded in the laminate structure between two layers thereof, a medium arranged within the capillary, and an optical fiber extending through the capillary and surrounded by the medium. At least a portion of the optical fiber has temperature-dependent transmission characteristics.

An electromagnetic radiation source designed for a light-soaking treatment of a photovoltaic cell or a photovoltaic cell precursor, the source including a plurality of first radiation emitters and a plurality of second radiation emitters, the first and second radiation emitters being arranged in a plurality of rows, each first radiation emitter being configured to emit a first electromagnetic radiation having a spectrum comprised between 300 nm and 550 nm and each second radiation emitter being configured to emit a second electromagnetic radiation having a spectrum comprised between 800 nm and 1200 nm.