Some embodiments include methods of treating, inhibiting, or ameliorating ischemic stroke or a symptom thereof in a subject. Some embodiments include oxygenated fluid for use in treating, inhibiting, or ameliorating ischemic stroke. The oxygenated fluid may comprise charge-stabilized oxygen-containing nanostructures.

The present invention provides a system for enriching a flowing liquid with a dissolved gas inside a conduit. The system comprises two or more capillaries, each capillary delivering a stream of a gas-enriched liquid to the flowing liquid. The first ends of the capillaries are positioned to form an intersecting angle with respect to the effluent streams such that these streams of gas-enriched liquid collide with each other upon exit from the first ends of the capillaries, effecting localized convective mixing within the larger liquid conduit before these gas-enriched streams are able to come into close contact with the boundary surfaces of the conduit, whereby the gas-enriched liquid mixes with the flowing liquid to form a gas-enriched flowing liquid. In the preferred embodiment, no observable bubbles are formed in the gas-enriched flowing liquid. Methods of making and using such system are also provided.

Systems and methods for gas exchange in a patient are provided that use an external circuit to cause oxygenation perfusion in a body cavity (such as an abdomen) of the patient using an inert chemical (e.g., perfluorocarbon), independent of lungs. The external circuit includes components configured to control properties of the chemical, including temperature, flow rate, pressure, oxygenation percentage, and carbon dioxide percentage. The systems also include safety features to reduce a likelihood of injury to the patient. Each of the safety features and the properties of the chemical can be controlled by a healthcare worker, such as a physician, a nurse, or an emergency operator, for a particular patient.