This application relates to an adequacy assessment method and system. The method includes: acquiring biochemical test data, and extracting the most recent assay data of periodic assay records from the biochemical test data; calculating body fluid volume according to the most recent assay data; calculating a urea clearance index according to the calculated body fluid volume and designated parameters; and outputting the urea clearance index for one adequacy assessment by display.

A blood filtering device includes a filter having two compartments, at least one allows the passage of blood, being separated by a membrane allow passage of a filtered fraction from the first to the second compartment. The filtering device includes an outlet conduit to collect the filtered fraction leaving the filter. The filtered fraction flows along the outlet conduit along a flow direction. A first sensor includes at least one semiconductor laser source with a laser cavity adapted to generate a laser light beam striking the outlet conduit along an irradiation direction incident to the flow direction; and at least one front and one lateral photodiode, at least in correspondence of the semiconductor laser source, the outlet conduit is transparent to the laser light beam.

The filtering device processes said the two electrical signals to generate a signal indicative of the quantity of suspended particles moving along the outlet conduit.

A blood purification apparatus to which a blood circuit that allows a patient's blood to extracorporeally circulate and a blood purifier connected to the blood circuit and that purifies the blood in extracorporeal circulation are attachable, the blood purification apparatus including a dialysate introduction line through which dialysate is introduced into the blood purifier; a dialysate drain line through which waste dialysate resulting from blood purification performed by the blood purifier is drained from the blood purifier; and a concentration-detecting unit that detects a concentration of a predetermined substance in the waste dialysate resulting from the blood purification by the blood purifier and flowing through the dialysate drain line. The blood purification apparatus includes a control unit that establishes a state of equilibrium where the concentration of the predetermined substance in the waste dialysate flowing through the dialysate drain line and a concentration of the predetermined substance in the blood flowing through the blood circuit are equal or approximate to each other; a storage unit storing a value detected by the concentration-detecting unit in the state of equilibrium as an equilibrium value; and a clearance-calculating unit that calculates clearance in accordance with the value detected by the concentration-detecting unit and the equilibrium value stored in the storage unit, the clearance being a figure of merit representing a degree of solute removal by the blood purifier.

Dialysis is enhanced by using nanoclay sorbents to better absorb body wastes in a flow-through system. The nanoclay sorbents, using montmorillonite, bentonite, and other clays, absorb significantly more ammonium, phosphate, and creatinine, and the like, than conventional sorbents. The montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays may be used in wearable systems, in which a dialysis fluid is circulated through a filter with the nanoclay sorbents. Waste products are absorbed by the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays and the dialysis fluid is recycled to a patient's peritoneum. Using an ion-exchange capability of the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays, waste ions in the dialysis fluid are replaced with desirable ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. The nanoclay sorbents are also useful for refreshing a dialysis fluid used in hemodialysis and thus reducing a quantity of the dialysis fluid needed for the hemodialysis.

A method of measuring a dialysis efficacy, dialysis dose, and impacts of dialysis on a patient. The method including measuring a concentration of urea in a dialysis effluent over time; determining a rate of change in urea concentration; and determining the rate of peripheral perfusion from the rate of change in urea concentration. The concentration of urea may be taken in real time or near-real time. The method including determining changes in the rate of peripheral perfusion in real time or near real-time. The method including detecting disequilibrium between the core and peripheral blood and early onset of clinically adverse conditions.

A blood purification apparatus with a blood circuit that allows a patient's blood to extracorporeally circulate and a blood purifier connected to the blood circuit and that purifies the blood in extracorporeal circulation are attachable, the blood purification apparatus including a dialysate introduction line through which dialysate is introduced into the blood purifier; a dialysate drain line through which waste dialysate resulting from blood purification performed by the blood purifier is drained from the blood purifier; and a concentration-detecting unit that detects a concentration of a predetermined substance in the waste dialysate flowing through the dialysate drain line. The blood purification apparatus includes a control unit that establishes a state of equilibrium where the concentration of the predetermined substance in the waste dialysate flowing through the dialysate drain line and a concentration of the predetermined substance in the blood flowing through the blood circuit are equal or approximate to each other; a storage unit that stores a value detected by the concentration-detecting unit in the state of equilibrium as an equilibrium value; and a clear-space-calculating unit that calculates clear space in accordance with the value detected by the concentration-detecting unit and the equilibrium value stored in the storage unit, the clear space being an index representing a volume of purification of a patient achieved by blood purification treatment.

A renal failure blood therapy system includes a memory device storing a therapy target for a patient. The system also includes a processor configured to receive the therapy target for the patient, receive a desired solute concentration for the patient, and apply the therapy target and the desired solute concentration as inputs to an optimization routine. The processor is also configured to execute the optimization routine to determine at least one dialysis therapy prescription specifying at least a dialysis therapy duration, a dialysis therapy frequency, and at least one of a dialysis therapy blood flow rate or a dialysis therapy dialysate flow rate. The processor is further configured to display the at least one dialysis therapy prescription for confirmation or selection by a clinician and transmit the selected or confirmed dialysis therapy prescription to a dialysis machine for a subsequent dialysis treatment for the patient.

A renal failure blood therapy system includes a renal failure blood therapy machine, concentration levels for each of a plurality of solutes removed from a patient's blood at each of the multiple times, a display device configured to display for selection at least one removed blood solute from the plurality of removed blood solutes, and a device programmed to (i) estimate at least one renal failure blood therapy patient parameter using the determined concentration levels for the at least one selected removed blood solute, (ii) determine a plurality of acceptable renal failure blood therapy treatments that meet a predetermined removed blood solute clearance for the at least one selected removed blood solute using the at least one renal failure blood therapy patient parameter, and (iii) enable selection of at least one of the plurality of acceptable renal failure blood therapy treatments for operation at the renal failure blood therapy machine.

To provide a concentration calculating module configured to measure the concentrations of two constituents simultaneously with higher accuracy. The concentration measuring module includes a light source configured to emit light into a housing; a first light receiving unit configured to have sensitivity to a wavelength of output light of the light source and receive light radiated from inside the housing; and a second light receiving unit configured to have sensitivity to a longer wavelength than the first light receiving unit and receive light radiated from inside the housing. The light source, the first light receiving unit, and the second light receiving unit are arranged to have a positional relationship in which a light emitting surface of the light source faces a light receiving surface of the first light receiving unit, and a normal to a light receiving surface of the second light receiving unit is orthogonal to, of a line through the light source and the first light receiving unit, a line segment corresponding to the inside of the housing, and a length X of, of the line through the light source and the first light receiving unit, the line segment corresponding to the inside of the housing and then a length Y of, of a line including the normal to the light receiving surface of the second light receiving unit, a line segment corresponding to the inside of the housing satisfy Y/X>1. The concentration measuring module calculates the concentrations of two constituents simultaneously on the basis of first and second signals output from the first and second light receiving units.

The invention relates to veterinary science. An extrarenal blood purification procedure is performed to remove toxins from the blood. Baseline parameters of urea and creatinine in the blood serum are measured during the blood purification procedure; on the basis of the data obtained, a dialysis intensity index (DII) is determined as the ratio of the patient's total fluid volume to the volume of the fluid purified of toxins and a uremic toxin accumulation index (UTAI) is determined as the rate of accumulation of the quantity of urea or creatinine per unit of time. Moreover, it is deemed necessary to repeat the hemodialysis procedure if the UTAI value for urea is more than 0.5 and/or the UTAI value for creatinine is more than 8, and/or the DII value is less than 0.9.