The present invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for controlling the concentration of potassium in dialysate in a closed loop potassium control system. The devices, systems, and methods can be compatible with any dialysis system including sorbent-based dialysis systems, single pass dialysis systems, or other multi-pass dialysis systems. The systems can use closed loop potassium control over potassium concentration in the dialysate to reduce the probability of patient arrhythmias. The potassium concentration can be controlled and personalized to a patient using certain predetermined patient parameters. Related systems, algorithms, and control systems are contemplated for optimizing the potassium concentration in the dialysate.

A processor of a medical device configured to communicate with a remote server can be programmed to protect the medical device from exposure to unauthorized or malicious software. A system or method to implement this form of protection can include, for example, at least one processor on the medical device, a control software module that controls the operation of the medical device and is executable on the processor, a data management module that manages data flow to and from the control software module from sources external to the medical device, and an agent module that has access to a limited number of designated memory locations in the medical device. In addition, a hemodialysis apparatus can be configured to operate in conjunction with an apparatus for providing purified water from a source such as a municipal water supply or a well. A system for controlling delivery of purified water to the hemodialysis apparatus can comprise a therapy controller of the hemodialysis apparatus configured to communicate with a controller of a water purification device, and a user interface controller of the hemodialysis apparatus configured to communicate with the therapy controller, and to send data to and receive data from a user interface.

A fluid titration system has an optical sensor, a physiological monitor, a titration controller and an infusion device. The optical sensor transmits multiple wavelengths of light into a tissue site of a person and detects the optical radiation after attenuation by pulsatile blood flowing within the tissue site. The physiological monitor receives a resulting sensor signal and derives a plethysmograph that corresponds to the pulsatile blood flow. The monitor also calculates a plethysmograph variability measure that is responsive to changes in perfusion at the tissue site. A titration controller generates a fluid control output according to the variability measure. The infusion device administers a liquid solution via an intravenous (IV) connection to the person according to the fluid control output so as to regulate at least one of a fluid flow start, rate and stop.

A process for the sequential processing of opaque and transparent biological fluids such as whole blood, apheresis blood, bone marrow blood, umbilical cord blood, buffy coat or cultured cells by processing steps in a hollow cylindrical centrifugal processing chamber (300) which is part of a disposable set. At least three different procedures selected from washing, incubation, transduction, separation, density gradient separation, dilution and volume adjustment are each carried out once or repeated a number of times according to a given processing profile in the processing chamber. Each procedure involves an input into the processing chamber, an operation in the processing chamber and an output from the processing chamber by displacement of a piston (310). The at least three different procedures are sequentially chained one after the other to constitute an overall sequential operation in the processing chamber and its disposable set. A first application is incubation for binding magnetic beads with human blood cells or stem cells. A second application is transduction by which foreign genetic material is inserted into human blood cells or stem cells by a virus. A third application is reconditioning biological fluids to achieve reproducible concentration and volumes of blood cells or stem cells.

A method for determining a chance to enable a zeroing of gas analysis is disclosed herein. The method includes emitting radiation, and receiving emitted radiation, the received radiation comprising a first wavelength range absorbed by the at least one desired gas component and one or more disturbing factor, and a second wavelength range absorbed by the disturbing factor, the first wavelength range differing from the second wavelength range. The method also includes providing to a processing unit a first signal data indicative of a concentration of the at least one desired gas component and absorption of the disturbing factor, and a second signal data indicative of absorption of the disturbing factor. The method also includes determining a stability of the first and second signal data as a function of time, and if they are substantially stable enabling the zeroing to improve a measurement accuracy.

A supplemental device for use with an injection device, the supplemental device comprising: a plurality of light sources each being configured to illuminate a surface portion of an injection device, in use, with light of a different wavelength; at least one sensor for generating sensor outputs indicative of the respective intensities of light of different wavelengths reflected from the surface portion; and a processor for: controlling the plurality of light sources to illuminate the surface portion with light of first to third different wavelengths; obtaining first to third values for sensor outputs corresponding to the first to third different wavelengths respectively; performing one or more calculations using at least the first and second values to provide one or more further values; and using the third value and the or each further value, but not the first and second values, to determine a property of the injection device.

[Problem] To accurately check a usage status of a medical product such as a damage status of the medical product or existence or nonexistence of the medical product.

[Solution] A medical product (80) is configured to include a light-emissive septum (83) (constituent member) which includes a luminescent agent emitting near-infrared fluorescence according to irradiation of excitation light on a surface thereof. Even in a case where a portion of the septum is separated as a core (83a) (separate piece) due to damage, the luminescent agent is also included on a surface of the core. A medical product usage status checking apparatus (10) is configured to include a medical product which emits the near-infrared fluorescence, an irradiation unit (130) which irradiates the medical product with excitation light which excites the luminescent agent, an optical filter (140) which blocks the excitation light and transmits the near-infrared fluorescence emitted by the luminescent agent, a camera (15) (imaging unit) which receives the near-infrared fluorescence passing through the optical filter, and a monitor (160) (display unit) which displays an image captured by the camera. An image based on the near-infrared fluorescence of the septum is displayed on the monitor and in a case where damage occurs in the septum, an image based on the near-infrared fluorescence of the core is displayed on the monitor.

A data collection device including an attachment assembly for attaching the data collection device to a dose setting dial of a medicament administration device, a light source configured to illuminate a portion of a surface of an internal component of the medicament administration device including a pattern of relatively reflective and non-reflecting regions formed on the surface of the internal component, and an optical sensor configured to receive light reflected by at least the relatively reflective regions.

This disclosure features methods and compositions for treating diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with a TLR agonist.

A multi-channel infrared gas sensor including a beam splitter arrangement, which splits an infrared beam into four infrared partial beams, four bandpass filters and four infrared sensors, respectively one for each infrared partial beam at a first used signal wavelength. The directions of propagation of the four infrared partial beams differ from one another in pairwise fashion. A first and second infrared used signal sensor are arranged so that respective used signal sensor detection areas have a symmetric orientation with respect to a used signal sensor plane of symmetry situated between the detection areas. A first and second infrared reference signal sensor are arranged so that respective reference signal sensor detection areas have a symmetric orientation with respect to a reference signal sensor plane of symmetry situated between the reference signal sensor detection areas. No signal sensor detection area is orthogonal to its respective signal sensor plane of symmetry.