An electrical filter includes a dielectric substrate with inner and outer coils about a first region and inner and outer coils about a second region, a portion of cladding removed from wires that form the coils and coupled to electrically conductive traces on the dielectric substrate via a solder joint in a switching region. An apparatus to thermally couple a superconductive device to a metal carrier with a through-hole includes a first clamp and a vacuum pump. A composite magnetic shield for use at superconductive temperatures includes an inner layer with magnetic permeability of at least 50,000; and an outer layer with magnetic saturation field greater than 1.2 T, separated from the inner layer by an intermediate layer of dielectric. An apparatus to dissipate heat from a superconducting processor includes a metal carrier with a recess, a post that extends upwards from a base of the recess and a layer of adhesive on top of the post. Various cryogenic refrigeration systems are described.

A positive electrode side input loop line (10a) and a positive electrode side output loop line (10b), and a negative electrode side input loop line (11a) and a negative electrode side output loop line (11b) form two sets of coupling loops, and the loop lines of the two sets have the same winding direction, and have the same loop sizes of and relative relationship between the loop lines. A capacitor (3) is connected in series between the positive electrode side input loop line (10a) and the negative electrode side input loop line (11a).

Provided is a receiver. The receiver according to the inventive concept includes a first filter circuit, a second filter circuit, and an amplifier. The first filter circuit provides a first path for first frequency components below first cutoff frequency of input frequency components and passes second frequency components except for the first frequency components of the input frequency components through second path. The second filter circuit attenuates third frequency components below a second cutoff frequency of the second frequency components. The amplifier amplifies the second frequency components including the attenuated third frequency components.

A circuit includes: a first line (11) in which one end thereof (11a) is coupled to a first signal input terminal (la); a second line (12) in which one end thereof (12a) is grounded and the other end thereof (12b) is coupled to a first signal output terminal (4a), the second line (12) being electromagnetically coupled to the first line (11); a third line (13) in which one end thereof (13a) is open, the third line (13) being electromagnetically coupled to the second line (12); a fourth line (21) in which one end thereof (21a) is coupled to the other end (11b) of the first line (11) and the other end thereof (21b) is open; a fifth line (22) in which one end thereof (22a) is coupled to a second signal output terminal (4b) and the other end thereof (22b) is grounded, the fifth line (22) being electromagnetically coupled to the fourth line (21); and a sixth line (23) in which one end thereof (23a) is coupled to the other end (13b) of the third line (13) and the other end thereof (23b) is coupled to a second signal input terminal (1b), the sixth line (23) being electromagnetically coupled to the fifth line (22).

An input loop line (5) is disposed in a region inside or outside the loop of an output loop line (9) as viewed in the thickness direction of a dielectric layer (2).

Systems and methods that facilitate resistance and capacitance balancing are presented. In one embodiment, a system comprises: a plurality of ground lines configured to ground components; and a plurality of signal bus lines interleaved with the plurality of ground lines, wherein the interleaving is configured so that plurality of signal bus lines and plurality of ground lines are substantially evenly spaced and the plurality of signal bus lines convey a respective plurality of signals have similar resistance and capacitance constants that are balanced. The plurality of signals can see a substantially equal amount ground surface and have similar amounts of capacitance. The plurality of signal bus lines can have similar cross sections and lengths with similar resistances. The plurality of signal bus lines interleaved with the plurality of ground lines can be included in a two copper layer interposer design with one redistribution layer (RDL).

An apparatus includes an RF apparatus, and a wideband multi-band matching balun. The wideband multi-band matching balun includes a multi-band balun, which includes at least one three-element frequency-dependent resonator (TEFDR). The wideband multi-band matching balun further includes a differential-to-differential matching circuit coupled to the RF apparatus. The differential-to-differential matching circuit includes at least one TEFDR.

Provided are a structure having excellent shielding performance against electromagnetic waves in a frequency band of several tens of GHz, and a composition. Further, provided is a method for manufacturing a structure which makes it possible to easily manufacture a structure having excellent shielding performance against electromagnetic waves in a frequency band of several tens of GHz. The structure includes a substrate, a plurality of passive elements disposed on the substrate, and an electromagnetic wave absorbing film positioned at least in a region between the plurality of passive elements disposed on the substrate. The passive element is selected from the group consisting of an inductor and a balun. The electromagnetic wave absorbing film contains magnetic particles. In a case where a real part of a complex relative magnetic permeability of the electromagnetic wave absorbing film is defined as and a complex part of the complex relative magnetic permeability of the electromagnetic wave absorbing film is defined as , the complex part of the complex relative magnetic permeability of the electromagnetic wave absorbing film satisfies any one of requirements 1 to 3. Requirement 1: at a frequency of 28 GHz is 0.1 to 10, Requirement 2: at a frequency of 47 GHz is 0.1 to 5, and Requirement 3: at a frequency of 60 GHz is 0.1 to 2.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure are generally directed to a structure for a balanced-unbalanced (balun) transformer. For example, certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a transformer that generally includes a first winding having a first terminal coupled to an input node and a second terminal coupled to a reference potential node. The transformer may also include a first impedance coupled between a center tap of the first winding and the reference potential node, and a second winding magnetically coupled to the first winding and having a first terminal coupled to a first differential node of a differential output pair, a second terminal coupled to a second differential node of the differential output pair, and a center tap coupled to the reference potential node.

Apparatus and methods for radio frequency (RF) signal splitting are disclosed. In certain embodiments, a front-end system includes a filter that filters an RF receive signal to generate a differential filtered RF signal between a first output and a second output, a first low noise amplifier (LNA) that generates a first amplified RF signal by amplifying a first component of the differential filtered RF signal received from the first output, a second LNA that generates a second amplified RF signal by amplifying a second component of the differential filtered RF signal received from the second output, a first multi-throw switch that receives the first amplified RF signal, and a second multi-throw switch that receives the second amplified RF signal.