A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator includes a resonant semiconductor structure, drive electrode, sense electrode and electrically conductive shielding structure. The first drive electrode generates a time-varying electrostatic force that causes the resonant semiconductor structure to resonate mechanically, and the first sense electrode generates a timing signal in response to the mechanical resonance of the resonant semiconductor structure. The electrically conductive shielding structure is disposed between the first drive electrode and the first sense electrode to shield the first sense electrode from electric field lines emanating from the first drive electrode.

A MEMS device that includes a lower substrate having an element region on a surface thereof; an upper substrate opposed to the lower substrate; and a bonding section that bonds the lower substrate and the upper substrate to each other around the periphery of the element region. The bonding section has a first region, a second region, and a third region which are sequentially provided in this order from a side closer to the element region to a side farther from the element region. At least one of the first region and the third region contains a hyper-eutectic alloy of one of a first component and a second component, and the second region contains a eutectic alloy of the first component and the second component.

The present disclosure describes a micromechanical resonator comprising a resonator element (40) having a length (l.sub.1) and a width (w.sub.1) that is perpendicular to the length. The resonator element has a length-to-width aspect ratio in a range of 1.8 to 2.2. The resonator element is suspended to a support structure with two or more anchors (41, 43). Each of the two or more anchors is attached to a first location or a second location. The first location is at a shorter side (42) of the resonator element. The first location divides the width (w.sub.1) of the resonator element into a larger portion (w.sub.3) and a smaller portion (w.sub.2) such that a ratio between said smaller portion (w.sub.2) and the whole width (w.sub.1) is in a range of 0.10 to 0.28. The second location is at a longer side (44). The second location divides the length (l.sub.1) of the resonator element into a larger portion (l.sub.3) and a smaller portion (l.sub.2) such that a ratio between said smaller portion (l.sub.2) and the whole length (l.sub.1) is in a range of 0.36 to 0.48.

Embodiments disclosed herein include diagnostic substrates and methods of using such substrates. In an embodiment, a diagnostic substrate comprises a substrate, and a device layer over the substrate. In an embodiment, the diagnostic substrate further comprises a resonator in the device layer. In an embodiment, the resonator comprises a cavity, a cover layer over the cavity, and electrodes within the cavity for driving and sensing resonance of the cover layer. In an embodiment, the diagnostic substrate further comprises a reflector surrounding a perimeter of the resonator.

A microelectromechanical resonator, including a support structure, a resonator element suspended to the support structure, the resonator element including a plurality of sub-elements, and an actuator for exciting the resonator element into a resonance mode. The sub-elements are dimensioned such that they are dividable in one direction into one or more fundamental elements having an aspect ratio different from 1 so that each of the fundamental elements supports a fundamental resonance mode, which together define a compound resonance mode of the sub-element. The sub-elements are further coupled to each other by connection elements and positioned with respect to each other such that the fundamental elements are in a rectangular array configuration, wherein each fundamental element occupies a single array position, and at least one array position of the array configuration is free from fundamental elements.

This disclosure reveals a resonator where at least one suspended inertial mass is driven into rotational oscillation by a piezoelectric drive transducer, or where the rotational motion of at least one suspended inertial mass is sensed by a piezoelectric sense transducer. The disclosure is based on the idea of suspending the inertial mass with a one-sided suspender arrangement, where only one suspender is attached to each anchor point, and on the optimal positioning of the suspender in relation to the effective center of gravity of the resonator. The resonator may be employed in a resonator system, a clock oscillator or a gyroscope.

A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonator includes a substrate, an array of ferroelectric capacitors on the substrate, and a three-dimensional metal stack above the array of ferroelectric capacitors. The three-dimensional metal stack may include more than two metal layers. Each of the metal layers is coupled to another of the metal layers by more than two metal vias.

This disclosure reveals a resonator where at least one suspended inertial mass is driven into rotational oscillation by a piezoelectric drive transducer, or where the rotational motion of at least one suspended inertial mass is sensed by a piezoelectric sense transducer. The disclosure is based on the idea of attaching suspenders to the inertial mass with at least one flexure, which allows the end of the suspender which is attached to the inertial mass to rotate in relation to the inertial mass at this attachment point when the inertial mass is in motion. The resonator may be employed in a resonator system, a clock oscillator or a gyroscope.

The present disclosure provides a differential resonator and a MEMS sensor. The differential resonator includes a substrate, a first resonator, a second resonator and a coupling mechanism. The first resonator is connected with the second resonator, and the first resonator and the second resonator are movably connected with the substrate. The coupling mechanism includes a first guide beam, a second guide beam, a first coupling beam, a second coupling beam, a first connecting piece and a second connecting piece. The first guide beam and the second guide beam are arranged on two opposite sides of a direction perpendicular to a vibration direction of the first resonator or the second resonator. The first coupling beam is connected with the first guide beam, the second guide beam and the first resonator. The second coupling beam is connected with the first guide beam, the second guide beam and the second resonator.

The present disclosure provides a differential resonator and a MEMS sensor. The differential resonator includes a substrate, a first resonator, a second resonator and a coupling mechanism. The first resonator is connected with the second resonator through the coupling mechanism, and the first resonator and the second resonator are connected with the substrate and are able to be displaced relative to the substrate. The coupling mechanism includes a coupling arm, a support shaft, a first connecting piece and a second connecting piece. The coupling arm includes a first force arm, a second force arm and a coupling portion. The support shaft has one end connected with the substrate, and one other end connected with the coupling portion. The first force arm is connected with the first resonator through the first connecting piece, and the second force is connected with the second resonator through the second connecting piece.