Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided for a single or multi-dimmer system having improved reliable connectivity between a dimmer assembly and a switch or between two or more dimmer assemblies.

A sequential driving method for driving a switch circuit of a power converter is presented. The method has the steps of driving a switch circuit which contains a power switch, defining a driving sequence; and applying sequentially an electrical parameter to the power switch, based on the driving sequence. Defining a driving sequence includes defining a plurality of different driving levels associated with the electrical parameter and defining a plurality of time windows within a switching time period. Each time window is associated with a driving level among the plurality of driving levels.

The invention relates to a pre-charging switching device and a fuel cell device for automatically adjusting an output voltage of a fuel cell system and a battery voltage of a battery connected in parallel with respect to a load without a DC-to-DC converter connected therebetween. The invention further relates to a motor vehicle equipped therewith. The pre-charging switching device comprises an input connection for connecting the fuel cell system, an output connection for connecting to the battery and the load and an adjustment switching unit connected therebetween. The adjustment switching unit has a controllable limiting element and a regulating device coupled thereto and is configured for damped adjustment of the voltages by regulating a direct current carrying behavior of the limiting element depending on a fuel cell system current detected on the input side.

A coupling-type single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch adapted for a radio frequency integrated circuit includes an input port, a first output port, a second output port, a multi-coupling-coil circuit and a transistor-based control circuit. The multi-coupling-coil circuit includes coils respectively connected with the input port, the first output port and the second output port. The transistor-based control circuit includes a first control circuit, a second control circuit and a third control circuit, and configured to control an input load of the multi-coupling-coil circuit using a control level of the first control circuit and realize connections between the input port and the first output port as well as the second output port using control levels of the second control circuit and the third control circuit. Therefore, the coupling-type SPDT switch can achieve a simple switching between two working states, and have low insertion loss and high isolation degree in both working states.

A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor base body including: a p-type substrate; and an n-type first semiconductor layer; a first electrode; a second electrode; an isolation film; an insulation film; and a third electrode disposed over the insulation film. The first electrode is electrically connected to a first circuit C1 that is connected to a first power source Vin. The second electrode is electrically connected to a second circuit C2 that is connected to a second power source Vcc. The semiconductor base body further includes a p-type back gate region that is formed in at least a region of the semiconductor base body that faces the third electrode by way of the insulation film with a depth that allows the back gate region to reach the substrate. A dopant concentration of the back gate region falls within a range of 110.sup.10 cm.sup.3 to 110.sup.15 cm.sup.3.

A multi-channel switch device is provided. The multi-channel switch device includes a first-stage switch circuit, at least one second-stage switch circuit, and multiple third-stage switch circuits. The first-stage switch circuit includes a first common-mode node, a first input/output terminal, and at least one first-stage connection terminal. The second-stage switch circuit includes a second common-mode node, a second-stage transmission terminal, and multiple second-stage connection terminals. Each of the third-stage switch circuits includes a third common-mode node, a third-stage transmission terminal, a reference terminal, and a second input/output terminal. Two of the first input/output terminal and the at least one first-stage connection terminal are connected through the first common-mode node. Two of the second-stage transmission terminal and the second-stage connection terminals are connected through the second common-mode node. Two of the third-stage transmission terminal, the reference terminal, and the second input/output terminal are connected through the third common-mode node.

An aperture tuner circuit includes a plurality of switching terminals, at least one auxiliary terminal, at least one open/short/load (OSL) calibration circuit and a switch network. The OSL calibration circuit is connected to the at least one auxiliary terminal and selectively configurable to provide one of a predetermined open path, a predetermined short path and predetermined load to the aperture tuner circuit. The switch network is connected to the plurality of switching terminals and configured to selectively establish and reconfigure signal paths between the switching terminals.

A multi-channel switch device is provided. The multi-channel switch device includes a first-stage switch circuit, at least one second-stage switch circuit, and multiple third-stage switch circuits. The first-stage switch circuit includes a first common-mode node, a first input/output terminal, and at least one first-stage connection terminal. The second-stage switch circuit includes a second common-mode node, a second-stage transmission terminal, and multiple second-stage connection terminals. Each of the third-stage switch circuits includes a third common-mode node, a third-stage transmission terminal, a reference terminal, and a second input/output terminal. Two of the first input/output terminal and the at least one first-stage connection terminal are connected through the first common-mode node. Two of the second-stage transmission terminal and the second-stage connection terminals are connected through the second common-mode node. Two of the third-stage transmission terminal, the reference terminal, and the second input/output terminal are connected through the third common-mode node.

A switching assembly for transferring trains of pulses includes a first and second assembly terminal, a first and second set of relays, a first and second capacitor and a controller to concurrently activate the first and second set to connect the first and the second assembly terminals to transfer the trains of pulses. The relays of the first set and the first capacitor are connected in parallel. The relays of the second set connect and the second capacitor are connected in parallel.

A switching assembly for transferring trains of pulses, including a first terminal and a second terminal. A first plurality of first relays is connected in parallel, and have first contacts connected to the first assembly terminal, and second contacts. A first capacitor is connected in parallel with the first relays. A second plurality of second relays is connected in parallel, and have third contacts, and fourth contacts connected to the second assembly terminal. A second capacitor is connected in parallel with the second relays. A connection connects the second contacts to the third contacts. The pulses have amplitudes of at least 2 kilovolts. On activation of the first and second relays the first and second contacts connect and the third and fourth contacts connect, so that the first and second assembly terminals connect. On deactivation of the first and second relays the first and second assembly terminals disconnect.